I call this environmental arbitrage.

Financial innovation will proceed along with regulatory arbitrage.

Otherwise, global financial markets will be destroyed by regulatory arbitrage.

Subsequently, the arbitrage award established Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Eyes are opened the illusion of arbitrage between efficiency and solidarity fades.

This indicates that the renminbi s appreciation was driven mainly by short term arbitrage by outside funds.

But substantial gaps remain and must be addressed through international cooperation in order to avoid regulatory arbitrage.

Courtesy of that discounting mechanism, the risk adjusted yield arbitrage has now started to move against emerging market securities.

They pounced on the opportunity to make profits and arbitrage on the difference by ordering 760 and 330 printers respectively.

Through pension funds, investment funds, and arbitrage (or hedge) funds, shareholders became well organized and seized power in developed countries firms.

The LTRO enabled Spanish and Italian banks to engage in very profitable and low risk arbitrage in their own countries bonds.

As is frequently pointed out, unless banking regulations are identical across frontiers, there will be plenty of scope for regulatory arbitrage.

For emerging markets, the best way forward is to correct the incentives for interest rate arbitrage at the source of capital flows.

The fact is that we need fewer efficient markets theorists and more people who work on microstructure, limits to arbitrage, and cognitive biases.

To prevent such regulatory arbitrage, domestic regulators may be forced to take measures against financial transactions originating from jurisdictions with more lax regulations.

Already, even without a major speculative attack, the exchange rate and interest rate arbitrage facilitated by renminbi internationalization have imposed significant losses on China.

Indeed, the plethora of separate banking regulators had created opportunities for banks to arbitrage the system in search of a more indulgent approach to capital.

Financial regulation and supervision will surely be strengthened, but they will remain national in character, with little safeguard against cross border spillover and regulatory arbitrage.

This provides an incentive for retailers to conceal sales and engage in tax arbitrage by sharing some of the illicit tax savings with the final consumer.

Today, too, there are some great opportunities for this kind of policy arbitrage, if more countries would only take the time to learn from other countries successes.

This implies an arbitrage opportunity for governments borrow massively at these low (or even negative) real interest rates, and invest the proceeds in positive returning projects, such as infrastructure or education.

These late movers were also likely to have been sophisticated electronic or institutional traders some were probably using arbitrage based strategies that relied on the futures market for a calculation of the fair price.

As to the 5th appellant, the Court of Appeal found that he could not have expected to obtain a good arbitrage position' (as the appellant had so claimed) if the model was an outdated one.

While the onshore and offshore renminbi markets remain decoupled, the start of renminbi settlement under the trade account enables Hong Kong s offshore renminbi (CNH) currency market to coexist with the onshore (CNY) market, leaving significant room for arbitrage.

By contrast, the LTRO allows Italian and Spanish banks to engage in a very profitable and practically riskless arbitrage, but has kept government bonds hovering on the edge of a precipice although the last few days brought some relief.

Eyes are opened the illusion of arbitrage between efficiency and solidarity fades. The crisis reminds us what each person owes to others, highlighting an ethical truth that we were quick to forget the rich benefit more than the poor from their cooperation with other members of society.