The majority of Antarctic seaborne voyages are to the Antarctic Peninsula region.

The Belgian Antarctic Expedition (BelgAE) of 1897 to 1899 was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic region.

Since the Twenty fourth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, three new Antarctic Specially Protected Areas and two new Antarctic Specially Managed Areas were designated, including the McMurdo Dry Valleys that form the largest relatively ice free region in Antarctica.

Antarctic Treaty

WMO continues to cooperate with Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.

In February 1991, President Fernando Collor de Mello reaffirmed Brazil's interest in the region by visiting the Brazilian Antarctic base, where he spent three days.

Antarctic tour operators continued to support operations and programmes in the Antarctic by providing transport.

The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence.

The Antarctic Treaty ensured that the region would only be used for peaceful purposes, and, most importantly, placed a prohibition on any activity of a military nature.

Tux is an Antarctic bird.

Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition

Through its Standing Committee on the Antarctic Treaty System, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research will continue to bring key scientific issues to the attention of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings.

Since the Twenty fifth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition and its member groups have participated in and monitored work carried out under the Antarctic Treaty system.

E. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators

State of the Antarctic environment report

However, the region is visited by more than 40,000 tourists annually, the most popular destinations being the Antarctic Peninsula area (especially the South Shetland Islands) and South Georgia Island.

A management plan for all Antarctic Specially Protected Areas and new Antarctic Specially Managed Areas is required by Annex V.

The South African National Antarctic Programme (or SANAP) is the South African government's program for research in the Antarctic and Subantarctic.

The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research and the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes organized a workshop on biological monitoring.

Life cycle The main spawning season of Antarctic krill is from January to March, both above the continental shelf and also in the upper region of deep sea oceanic areas.

Its mission is to facilitate and coordinate Antarctic research and to identify issues emerging from greater scientific understanding of the region that should be brought to the attention of policymakers.

Lee Hotz Inside an Antarctic time machine

Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes

Recent developments pertaining to the Antarctic environment

H. Conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora

Antarctic tourism and other non governmental operations

The Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes worked closely with the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research in providing the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting and the Committee for Environmental Protection with technical papers on emerging issues.

See also Argentine actions in Antarctica Argentina Chile relations Border issues Bransfield Strait Geology of the Antarctic Peninsula References External links Of Ice and Men Account of a tourist visit to the Antarctic Peninsula by Roderick Eime Biodiversity at Ardley Island, South Shetland archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula 89 photos of the Antarctic Peninsula

The Antarctic continent, located in the Earth's southern hemisphere, is centered asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle.

The station is only used in Antarctic summer.

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

C. Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals

Another factor that contributes to the climate of the subantarctic region, though to a much lesser extent than the thermohaline circulation, is the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (ABW) by halothermal dynamics.

The Shackleton Rowett Expedition (1921 22) was Sir Ernest Shackleton's last Antarctic project, and the final episode in the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.

The newly established and operational Secretariat will become a central repository of Antarctic information in particular with regard to Antarctic Treaty meetings and activities.

In addition, it has further strengthened cooperation with the Antarctic Treaty parties, through participating as an observer in the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings and the meetings of the Committee for Environmental Protection, and assisting the newly established Antarctic Treaty secretariat.

George von Neumayer of Hamburg, also an Antarctic explorer, worked to renew Antarctic exploration in 1861 onwards as he worked in an observatory in Melbourne.

Activities of the Antarctic Treaty system and international bodies

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

All require Antarctic data to ensure true global perspective.

Based on the Council's review, new Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic and Antarctic Ice covered Waters were developed and endorsed by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in 2004.

Some nations however have their own flags for their Antarctic possessions.

Mission The mission of the South African National Antarctic Programme is to increase understanding of the natural environment and life in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean through appropriate science and technology.

An Antarctic site inventory containing biological data and site descriptive information of 93 sites on the Antarctic Peninsula was prepared and is being updated by the United States and United Kingdom.