It extends the law on discrimination to indirect discrimination.

The Committee wishes to stress, however, that whatever system is chosen, it should not discriminate between groups, and should not lead to a situation where some groups are recognized while others are not, or where the interests of some groups are taken into consideration while interests of other groups are not.

The Government also reported that the Labour Act prohibits direct or indirect discrimination against job seekers and that, when an employee complains of discrimination, the burden of proof of non discrimination rests with the employer.

In assessing such indirect discrimination, the Committee must take full account of the particular context and circumstances of the petition, as by definition indirect discrimination can only be demonstrated circumstantially.

The definition of indirect discrimination based on sex also covers those activities which might appear neutral, but are discriminatory by nature.

Direct and indirect discrimination based on gender is also prohibited by the Employment Contracts Act.

The Committee recommends to the State party that it should take all necessary legislative steps to ensure the general application of the concept of indirect discrimination.

Measures have been adopted to change the existing patriarchal gender system in Estonia and to reduce indirect discrimination against women in work life.

The Committee is concerned at reports of the disparate impact of this law on indigenous groups, and reminds the State party that the Convention prohibits direct as well as indirect discrimination (art.

Although the Constitution contained a definition of discrimination, it was unclear whether that definition included indirect discrimination clarification would be welcome.

Furthermore, the State party's provisions on direct and indirect discrimination must be in line with article 1 of the Convention and should also extend to non State actors.

As a general provision, the Gender Equality Act provides that direct and indirect discrimination based on sex is prohibited in all areas of social life.

The direct or indirect discharge of pollutants, whether from point or non point sources

If data for the driver are not available for the year in question, the driver should be extrapolated as described in paragraph 46 above.

The Committee urges the State party to recognize and analyse the persistence of indirect and hidden discrimination as an obstacle to the implementation of the Convention, including measures to identify where it occurs, raise awareness and be proactive in its elimination.

If data for the driver are not available for the year in question, the driver should be extrapolated as described in paragraph 4245 above.

The Committee recalls that the definition of racial discrimination in article 1 expressly extends beyond measures which are explicitly discriminatory to encompass measures that are not discriminatory at face value but are discriminatory in fact and effect, that is, if they amount to indirect discrimination.

This law promotes and protects gender equality and guarantees equal possibilities to all citizens, both in private and public sectors, and prevents both direct and indirect gender based discrimination.

The Committee encourages the State party to incorporate fully the definition of discrimination, encompassing both direct and indirect discrimination, in line with article 1 of the Convention, in its Constitution or other appropriate national legislation.

Elections are held by direct or indirect, equal and secret, universal suffrage.

The Gender Equality Law adopted in Bosnia and Herzegovina defines both direct and indirect discrimination, gender based violence, disturbance and sexual disturbance and introduces sanctions against offenders.

The Government was also asked to clarify whether the relevant national legislation is intended to cover both direct and indirect discrimination as required by the Convention.

The weak economic performance of landlocked developing countries reflects the direct and indirect impact of geographical factors on key macroeconomic variables.

General recommendation 30 on discrimination against non citizens

Direct or indirect monetary financing of budget deficits used to rank among the gravest sins that a central bank could commit.

The court has competencies for meritory execution, or indirect execution through another court if the body does not execute the decision within the given deadline.

One of the main axes of the Network of Social Services is the provision of supportive services to combat direct or indirect exclusion from labour market.

To achieve such a situation, it is necessary to prohibit both direct and indirect discrimination, to eliminate any existing gender inequality, create equal opportunities for men and women and implement different strategies to promote gender equality.

Lastly, she enquired whether the Turkish Constitution or any other national law contained a definition of discrimination against women that was in line with the definition set forth in article 1 of the Convention and which encompassed direct and indirect discrimination in all fields.

UNHCR would also continue to be attentive to situations of direct or indirect refoulement governed by bilateral agreements which disregarded international law or by the treatment of bona fide asylum seekers as illegal migrants.

The Declaration does not, in its substantive provisions, make such distinctions.

However, the ITC was also interested in analysing FDI for export trade purposes.

Indirect discrimination based on gender exists when a seemingly neutral legal norm, criterion or practice equal for all brings into less favorable situation a person of one gender when compared to persons of another gender.

The judiciary must not be influenced by the military, either directly or indirectly it should be permitted to determine each case without interference from the executive branch of the Government.

In that regard, non governmental organizations should avoid discrimination.

We must not forget to talk about the indirect impact of conflict and war on children.

It also recommends that full attention be paid to the possible existence of indirect discrimination, which is prohibited under the Convention.

Direct integration of the two systems was not considered by the United Nations Office at Geneva to be feasible.

Unjustified distinctions were unacceptable, even if their financial impact was limited.

Cigarette smoking and second hand smoke (passive smoke) may reduce the effectiveness of medications such as corticosteroids.

Women non governmental organizations started to act under direct influence of international organizations and donors.

Governments wishing to promote enterprise competitiveness through OFDI should weigh its potential costs against its benefits to their economies and enterprises, and should then determine appropriate policy approaches.

The informal retailing sector will have a role to play once markets are opened and formal retailing expands. FDI facilitates the switch from informal to formal retailing.

This document contains General Recommendation No. 30 of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on Discrimination against Non Citizens (2004).

Even though 75 of the respondents condemn violence against women, there is still widespread support for accepting direct or indirect violence.