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Set a default value for empty strings

For the backsliding of the simple will kill them. The careless ease of fools will destroy them.

For the turning away of the simple shall slay them, and the prosperity of fools shall destroy them.

The reasons for Europe s defection are eminently geopolitical.

Water from the Tiger Leaping Gorge will be diverted to flush out Dianchi Lake, without which Kunming will not prosper.

Environmentalists were even permitted to take part in a public hearing on the Tiger Leaping Gorge project, a first for China.

Americans explain their country s democratic backsliding by pointing to the 9 11 terrorist attacks.

But if there is a double dip recession, Americans will become susceptible to all kinds of fear mongering and populist demagogy.

Then came a backlash, fuelled in large part by the Enron debacle and other corporate scandals.

Today s retreat to advanced country asset markets could quickly revert to retreat from them.

As the world s largest economy, the US has taken the lead in promoting policies that reduce barriers. But the events described above could reverse such policies.

Indeed, not even the risk of receiving nothing ensures that bondholders will not revert to the old bonds.

In Tunisia, too, there has been a similar regression to mechanistic types of solidarity organized around tribal, regional, and religious identities.

A relapse into regional war and Islamist terror? Or will developments take an unforeseeable turn?

Dam opponents, including vocal indigenous environmental groups, have waged a seemingly successful battle to protect Tiger Leaping Gorge and the Salween (the Nu River).

But there is a real danger that the pendulum is beginning to swing back, leading to a reversal of that liberalization process.

A transitory rebound from such a hard fall is not surprising, and German output remains below pre crisis levels.

It should feel familiar and kind of resonate for anyone who's had a sing a long or a dance party with a group of good friends.

As such, they are unlikely to see any sustained pickup in productivity growth without radical changes in innovation policy.

Nevertheless, although Russia has been backsliding since Putin took power in 2000, his policies might have been worse had he been ostracized.

Failure to do so has proved a major factor in countries relapse into war, because, in the absence of peace, there can be no sustainable development.

The assassination of Mr. Hariri, occurring only months before planned parliamentary elections, raised fears that Lebanon would return to its violent past.

From 2004 to 2014, we enlarged both the EU and the eurozone. Most important, we have kept Europe united.

The director general of the World Health Organization has warned that if the world falls back into a pre antibiotic age, a scratch or throat infection could become lethal once again.

The HIV AIDS pandemic has inflicted the single greatest reversal in human development.

World War I was the trigger that set off the reversal, with economic globalization declining while military globalization increased, as witnessed by two world wars and a global cold war.

I had the chance to see one of these rivers and the proposed site of one of the country s most controversial dams on a recent trek through the stunning Tiger Leaping Gorge, north of the town of Lijiang in northern Yunnan.

At Tiger Leaping Gorge, where a mere 100,000 residents will have to be relocated, residents fear that they will be ordered to move up the steep mountainsides to open marginal land at 6,000 to 9,000 feet.

Even a partial revision of the post Soviet order in the direction of an increased Russian grip on ex Soviet states or satellites would drastically change EU strategy and security policy.

The terror attacks of September 11, 2001, turned Afghanistan into the theater of a global war. But what will now follow?

Because of the financial crisis, many politicians have accepted the argument, in a virtual throwback to Adam Smith, that financial services are unproductive even counterproductive and need to be scaled back by governmental intervention.

To be sure, the IMF projects that India s economy will rebound later in 2013, but the basis for this optimism is unclear, given that all indicators so far suggest another dismal year.

But, while history is replete with murderous regimes applauded by cowed and deceived masses, the greater risk for democratic nations is that their citizens withdraw into apathy and short term thinking for immediate gratification.

The Serbs were recruited in large numbers into the Byzantine army especially under Justinian II in the 680s, until the defection of a 30,000 strong Serbian contingent led to the disastrous loss of the Battle of Sebastopolis in 692 693.

Exchange rates have a nasty habit of overshooting their equilibrium values, then knifing back on countries, especially those who have been spending too much based on inflated income valuations.

Consider the US. Though annual GDP growth is estimated to have rebounded to 4 in the second quarter of 2014, following the 2.1 first quarter contraction, that still leaves average growth in the first half of the year at a measly 1 .

Indeed, not even the risk of receiving nothing ensures that bondholders will not revert to the old bonds. And, beyond the much debated and, in my view, overstated aggregation problem, lowering the cost of holding out, as Griesa s ruling does, would impede the success of CACs.

Every sign indicates that the wave of democratization in Kuwait is irreversible, and the impact of these changes extends beyond Kuwait to all the other oil rich Gulf countries, which are also ruled by emirs and sheikhs.