State controlled banks allocate capital.

But this vigorous attempt to reduce interest rates is distorting capital allocation.

The single market principle was supposed to promote the efficient allocation of capital and labor.

A bloated and dysfunctional financial system had misallocated capital and, rather than managing risk, had actually created it.

As a result, financial markets, which are supposed to manage risk and allocate capital efficiently, created risk and misallocated wildly.

As a result, market oriented interest rate reform is now needed to help optimize capital allocation and support the development of China s financial market, thereby laying the groundwork for future capital account and exchange rate liberalization.

However, barring any major economic bumps, the changes will have a positive impact, as capital allocation becomes more efficient.

Initial capital

What Krugman is really after ( though he can t quite come out and say this ) is for the government to take charge of the allocation of capital.

Interest rate liberalization together with other financial reforms would help to improve the efficiency of capital allocation and to optimize the economic structure.

As above, firm value is enhanced when, and if, the return on capital exceeds the cost of capital.

The Art of Capital Flight

Damming Capital

The Capital Flow Conundrum

Capital flows and remittances

E. Financial capital and resilience

The portion of capital inflows that is not re exported represents net capital inflows.

Commercial banks could hold them without setting aside any capital reserves, and the European Central Bank (ECB) accepted them on equal terms at its discount window.

The Siren Song of Capital Controls

Investment and private flows

(o) Working Capital Fund

Brazil has been aggressive in terms of capital restrictions, twice increasing its tax on financial inflows.

The adjustment process will take many years, and, until policy credibility is fully restored, capital flight will continue, requiring massive amounts of official finance.

व श व क प ज क र ख फ र ट यर क ओर

Jacqueline Novogratz on patient capitalism

The reason lies in capital movements.

Finally, there is the path of public capital.

Surviving the Great Capital Flood

Raising capital is expensive.

The Temptation of China s Capital Account

List of tables

Before World War II, venture capital investments (originally known as development capital ) were primarily the domain of wealthy individuals and families.

This is why equity capital held by financial institutions typically is more than twice as expensive as debt capital and why these institutions try to minimize its use.

Moreover, Li has called upon the banking sector to reinvigorate idle capital and allocate incremental capital more effectively.

The good news is that Germany s overblown conglomerates are being scaled down to an efficient size and that the capital market is able to do its job, improving the allocation of resources.

Europe s Chimerical Capital Markets Union

Bank Regulation s Capital Mistake

Overexpenditure of small capitalization fees

Encouraging private capital flows and remittances

Advances from the Working Capital Fund

Political capital means the capital that will improve or enhance the NGOs status, possession or access in the existing political system.

We are told by its apostles that the wholesale impairment of most of what gave meaning to life is necessary to achieve an efficient allocation of capital and a reduction in transaction costs.

Private capital, which accounts for more than 90 of capital flows to developing economies, will remain the dominant source of long term financing.

South African firms have used their relatively lower cost of capital to invest in other African countries where capital markets were not developed.

It is thus difficult to see how Italian banks can return to profitability (and how the country can resume economic growth) unless the allocation of capital is changed radically.