Commission agents' services, wholesale trade services, retailing services, and franchising

Distribution services are dominated by wholesale and retail services.

Intermediaries trade on behalf of others, and while some intermediaries handle the goods themselves, as in the case of commission agents, others, brokers for example, sell products without even seeing them.

Retailers have integrated backwards into wholesale operations, and producers have integrated forward, performing wholesale functions by distributing their products directly to retailers.

It was agreed that the scope of distributive trade statistics should include wholesale trade, retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.

Business can encounter significant barriers when striving to invest in foreign distribution (retail or wholesale) markets.

The informal retailing sector will have a role to play once markets are opened and formal retailing expands. FDI facilitates the switch from informal to formal retailing.

Other experts stressed that modern retailers usually integrated backwards and could then help improve manufacturing processes and packaging.

Following the GATS services sectoral classification, distribution services include commission agents' services, wholesale trade services, retailing services, and franchising.

However, a closer look at these definitions indicates that the headings do not fully correspond to the definitions provided by the CPC numbers.

Only recently, the share of wholesale sales in developed countries began to decline, since part of the value added has been appropriated by producers and large retailers, to the detriment of wholesalers.

The GATS proposals on energy services classification capture services such as wholesale trade services, retailing services and storage services they refer to sales of fuels and wholesale brokerage (CPC 62113) wholesale trade services of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and related products (CPC 62271) and retailing services of fuel oil, bottled gas, coal, and woods (CPC 63297).

Holmes, whose family had a history in retail.

The internationalization of the retail industry has been led by European firms.

Or it can be in today's retail, in the shopping environment

In many developing countries, wholesale sales are considerably smaller in value terms than retail sales, while in most developed countries they tend to be equal.

(d) Importation wholesale and retail businesses (foreign country).

It established revised rules governing wholesale trade.

He's in the wholesale. That's business, not trade.

The process of opening the retail sector in China began in 1992 when foreign investment was allowed in retailing on a trial basis.

Store retail services can be classified according to size, business format, and product mix or specialization.

In spite of recent developments, retailing continues to be one of the least developed industries in India, and the growth of organized retailing has been much slower than in the rest of the world.

The increasing concentration has generated strong competition among retail establishments, which has translated into lower retailing margins and benefits to consumers.

They are either broad line distributors, dealing with a wide range of products, or product specialized wholesalers.

However, with a growth rate significantly higher than for total retail trade, the share of e commerce in total retail trade is also growing.

In total, stock of Asian investment in the retail trade in the United States in 2002 stood at US 3 billion in retail trade.

Notably, retail services would in part cover wholesale and commission agents' services under CPC 6111 and 6113.

Developments in distribution services market Developed countries Distribution services in both retail and wholesale sectors have become a highly concentrated activity in developed countries, and they also play a commanding role in the overall organization of production, with large retailing conglomerates dominating markets.

Producers are also engaging in direct sales to consumers through on line retailing, bypassing retailers.

The importance of cross border trade has been recognized for some time, but with growing e commerce and the related development of more reliable and versatile technology, as well as declining fixed and operating costs, among other factors, it is expected to gain further in prominence.

There are about 115,000 people who are retailing telephone services in their neighborhoods.

Opponents point to how big retailers decimated the traditional retail segment in the West.

And at the same time, certainly in Rwanda, it destroyed the local retailing industry.

The top 100 retailers (see table 3) account for 25 per cent of worldwide retailing sales.

Only as a second step is foreign investment then allowed to enter wholesale trade.

The manual provided some guidance on the compilation of data for the wholesale, retail and service trades.

They operate at the margin between ex factory and wholesale and retail prices.

Factors promoting trade liberalization The globalization of retailing has been spurred by both push and pull factors (see table 5).

Mergers and acquisitions have played an important role in the growing concentration of the retailing industry.

Rules on priority of access and transparent and non discriminatory access tariffs are essential in this context.

By April 2004 all trade related restrictions had been removed by and large, with the adoption of a new law that specified how foreign firms might conduct business in the retail, wholesale, franchise and commission agency sectors.

The distribution sector includes commission agents, wholesalers and retailers who act as enablers of trade.

During 1991, the combined retail and wholesale sectors represented approximately 20 per cent of the total payroll and employed 13,330 persons out of a labour force of 66,390.

The retail sector is characterized by economies of scale and scope as well as vertical integration and the existence of large retail chains.

Foreign sales represent a significant share in total sales of the main European retailers.