There is little to resuscitate among the state owned enterprises.

State owned enterprises, and, Social Organizations like a university

Instead, the Kremlin is preoccupied with the profitability and value of the state dominated companies that it controls.

Finally, the state competes with the private sector via state owned enterprises and utilities.

Privatization of state owned enterprises.

This is true even if the economic expansion is led by state owned companies and by Russian sovereign wealth funds.

State owned enterprises, or their subsidiaries, dominate key markets, as in interwar Italy.

The desperation of local potentates and SOE executives has created powerful resistance to reform.

Entry barriers, particularly in service industries dominated by state owned oligopolies, need to be lowered.

A typical sight was a holiday campground with small bungalows managed by one of the state owned companies.

Removing officials from state owned companies boards has been an important aim for Medvedev for several years.

In addition, while the state owned companies Telecom, Autostrade, and Alitalia were subject to an extremely interventionist policy by Romano Prodi s outgoing government, they have little to show for it. Plans to build a high speed train connecting Italy with northern Europe continue to experience delays.

The SOEs compete in product and labor markets with the private sector, but less so in capital markets.

State owned and private multinational companies drill fuel in Russia and sell it to Europe and North America.

SOEs will lose their low interest loans, subsidized land, monopoly protection, and privileged housing.

In 2011, a group of Indian state and private companies won the concession for the Hajigak iron ore deposit in Bamyan Province.

Russian authorities may be advancing that goal by taking initial steps toward improving corporate governance in state owned companies.

Namibia has a state owned Press Agency, called NAMPA.

Exposure to domestic sovereign obligations by state owned enterprises and local governments accounts for about 32 trillion, and obligations by private firms amount to roughly 24 trillion.

Ministry of Tofu translated an infographic comparing the status of state owned enterprises with the private owned enterprises in China.

The Chinese government has invested heavily in recent years in state owned companies and privately owned national champions, mainly to ensure that China profits from the power of markets while the leadership controls as much of the spoils as possible.

But, propped up by military contracts, those state companies were never well run or efficient greatly overstaffed, they produced little, similar to the failed state owned enterprises of the old Soviet Union.

The market share of state owned banks is 85 .

Privatization of State owned enterprises has spread rapidly.

State owned land is valued at more than 7 trillion.

State owned enterprises have acted as incubators for technical skills and managerial talent.

If SOEs reinvested income is not subject to a high return criterion, growth will eventually slow.

To allow disorderly self correction by markets would require confidence at all levels of governance, from the central government to village administrations, and among SOEs.

This entails preventing administrative abuses, establishing a level playing field for SOEs and other companies, and divorcing regulators from regulated entities.

Latin America sharply reduced its trade barriers and privatized its state owned firms.

Everything beyond private space was state territory.

The need to overhaul SOEs, for example, remains on the agenda, owing to the power of vested interests that oppose further privatization and market based reforms.

Chinese corporate contracts have grown exponentially over the last 30 years, but they have special characteristics that reflect the primary role of Chinese state owned enterprises.

In particular, the new leadership will have to attend to the linkages between the real economy and the expanding financial sector as it overhauls state owned companies and liberalizes the banks.

Poor governance, weak rule of law, and state owned companies assault on competition undermine Russia s business climate and cause capital flight.

China s state owned enterprises are powerful forces in the economy, with substantial political influence they will resist the shift from heavy industry to services.

It is difficult to talk about standards of corporate governance in Russian state owned companies, since most do not even have regularly scheduled board meetings, owing to the unpredictability of government officials schedules.

In addition, while the state owned companies Telecom, Autostrade, and Alitalia were subject to an extremely interventionist policy by Romano Prodi s outgoing government, they have little to show for it.

Then came Georgia s Rose Revolution. Many state owned firms were privatized for ten times the sums yielded in asset sales under the previous government of Edvard Shevardnadze.

To begin with, several significant fiscal taxation reforms are now underway or in the pipeline, such as an increase in the collection of state owned companies dividends and a hike in the resource tax on industries such as oil and coal mining, in order to reduce corporate savings.

Local governments and state owned enterprises do not necessarily have those concerns.

Credit to state firms and to households continues to grow rapidly.

As part of the liberalization sequence itself, State owned banks were sold to the private sector, both domestic and foreign.

Both agencies understand that finding a mutually agreeable coordination mechanism is preferable to waiting until a challenge is brought before the courts.

Business, including foreign owned companies, can often provide expertise on technology, industrial standards and skills.