Scope of application draft article 3 (1) (a) and (b) refer to liner services as well as to non liner services because certain forms of charter parties (such as slot charters and space charters) and volume contracts are regularly used in liner services.

I. Non mandatory application of the draft instrument to service contracts OLSAs

(c) subject to paragraph 2, other contracts in non liner services.

2. This Instrument applies to contracts of carriage in non liner services under which the carrier issues a transport document or an electronic record that

In particular, common carriage transactions in non liner trades in which a bill of lading is issued should continue to be governed by the draft instrument.

Capacity building for the production of nautical charts

It has been suggested that OLSAs, as described (in WP.34), should not be excluded altogether from the scope of application of the draft instrument, but should be exempt from its mandatory application.

More is at stake than maritime interests.

In this context, the treatment in the draft instrument of so called service contracts or Ocean Liner Service Agreements (as described in UNCITRAL A CN.9 WG.III WP.34, paras.

The Working Group considered draft article 14 on the basis of liability, and freedom of contract (draft articles 1, 2, 88 and 89), including scope of application, third parties and Ocean Liner Service Agreements (OLSAs).

Air arrivals reached 194,000 in 2003 and stop over arrivals by boats accounted for a further 256,000 visitors.

It was further observed that, while in principle under this approach arbitration clauses contained in bills of lading would be unenforceable, specific exemptions should be foreseen for special liner trades.

In addition, definitions of liner service and non liner service were proposed for inclusion in the definition section at article 1 of the draft instrument in order to clarify scope of application draft article 3, below.

It is essential for financial institutions to provide resources for the transition to electronic nautical charts.

At its fifteenth session, the Working Group is expected, during the first week of its session, first to continue with its consideration of freedom of contract, including OLSAs and scope of application, and next to consider jurisdiction and arbitration.

The typical Chinese navigational compass was in the form of a magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water.

Support was expressed for this approach to OLSAs in the draft instrument.

It was suggested that some tramp trade might fall under the definition in draft article 3 (1)(d) of the draft instrument, and that, in order to protect third parties holding documents issued in this trade, reference to draft article 3 (1)(d) should be added at the end of the proposed draft of article 4.

These new provisions do not address the issue of Ocean Liner Service Agreements (OLSAs) (see A CN.9 WG.III WP.34 and A CN.9 WG.III WP.42), and will need to be reconsidered in light of the Working Group's decision in that regard.

Thus article 15 of the Statute on the Regime of Navigable Waterways of International Concern (1922) provides that

It was observed that this approach would preserve the existing practice in non liner trade where recourse to arbitration under charter parties and charter party bills of lading was not uncommon, ensure uniformity of rules, and favour freedom of contract while preventing possible circumvention of jurisdiction rules under the draft instrument.

Article 4, paragraph 1 Relation to the Convention on the Law of Non navigational Uses of International Watercourses, 1997

Accordingly, the Egyptian Government would ensure freedom of navigation through the Canal, while stressing that the Egyptian Government had sovereign control over the Canal.

The Convention on the Law of the Non navigational Uses of International Watercourses (1997) provides as follows in article 29

The increased sophistication of traditional wooden dhows compounded by their lack of regulation and proper registration (at least in Somalia) has made them the mode of choice for arms embargo violators, in particular for arms originating from a neighbouring Gulf State.

In response, the ruling Liberal Democratic Party established a Working Team on the Protection of Maritime Interests.

Another advantage was said to be that the concept of volume contracts was preferable to that of OLSAs, as it was a broader and more universal concept.

In 1968, British workmen entered what Bates claimed to be his territorial waters in order to service a navigational buoy near the platform.

The main bridge span had to be removed in one piece in order not to block the main shipping canal leading to the port of Tampa.

Public Services Commission. Public Service Staff Manual. Port Vila PSC.

Such a drafting approach was also said to be favourable in that it obviated the need for a definition of OLSAs, which had been an issue of some concern in the Working Group.

Issue 1 Should OLSAs be included within the scope of application of the draft instrument as volume contracts, the inclusion of which would be determined by the character of the individual shipments thereunder?

Distribution of other services Audiovisual and tourism

A panel was held and short presentations were given on the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo, the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) and the European space exploration programme.

The legal and political issues associated with the competing territorial claims and the marine and energy resources and navigation rights that go with them are mind bogglingly complex.

You can think of these as neighborhoods, as distinctive as TriBeCa and the Upper East Side and Inwood that these are the forest and the wetlands and the marine communities, the beaches.

General support was expressed for this suggested technique for the inclusion of OLSAs into the scope of application scheme for the draft instrument under consideration by the Working Group.

According to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), the tourist industry of the Territory is geared towards the upper end of the market and is based mainly on luxury accommodations and yacht charters, with yachting visitors outnumbering hotel guests in most years.

Essential Services

Statistical services

News services

The Service Revolution

General Service 6 6

Field Service 24 8 32

Common Services and Premises