Iraq also asserts that the method used by Iran to value the loss of ecological services is inappropriate.

Lack of conservation measures for biological resources and ecosystems in general is also a result of gross undervaluation of biodiversity, especially of ecosystem services.

Several threats to overall ecosystem health, and consequently to the ability of ecosystems to provide the materials upon which human life depends, are particularly relevant to water resources.

A cooperative rangeland management programme is an alternative approach that can provide adequate compensation for lost ecological services in Jordan.

Destruction of ecosystems

This document compiles and summarizes information on climate change impacts, adaptation measures and response strategies in Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention.

Aquifer States shall protect and preserve ecosystems within a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system.

Ocean ecosystems

With regard to the proposed environmental education programme, Iraq states that it is a human services programme and not an appropriate form of compensatory restoration for loss of ecological services.

The Committee may wish to make observations and recommendations, as deemed appropriate.

Measurement of a persistent reduction in the capacity of ecosystems to supply services provides a robust and operational way of quantifying land degradation, and thus desertification.

(a) Protection and preservation of ecosystems

Other Parties indicated the need for institutional development and strengthening relating to water management.

(a) Pelagic ecosystems

(b) Benthic ecosystems

Finally, on an ecosystem scale.

Drylands include all terrestrial regions where water scarcity limits the production of crops, forage, wood and other ecosystem provisioning services.

States shall take all appropriate measures to protect the ecological integrity necessary to sustain ecosystems dependent on particular waters.

(a) Protecting vulnerable marine ecosystems

Many Parties, especially those that rely heavily on a single agricultural system, such as nomadic livestock husbandry (e.g. Mongolia) and atoll agriculture (e.g. Maldives), stated that the low productivity of their agricultural system will be exacerbated by the increased erosion and loss of soil fertility resulting from climate change and its adverse impact on groundwater.

Coastal zone and marine ecosystems Coral reef protection was the most common response option reported by many small island developing States to counter the adverse effects of climate change.

(c) Ecosystem planning and reforestation

The loss of services derived from ecosystems is a significant barrier to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals to reduce poverty, hunger, and disease. (Living Beyond Our Means, p. 2)

Just like marine ecosystems, land based ecosystems normally act as carbon sinks, taking carbon from the atmosphere and using it for growth.

avoid lasting environmental damage and protect ecosystems

The species diversity of pelagic ecosystems is low compared to benthic ecosystems.

Tailored to the degree of aridity, interventions and adaptations are available and used to prevent desertification and to restore, where needed, the capacity of the dryland ecosystems to provide services.

GE.05 62766 The MA prepared a report entitled Ecosystems and Human Well being Desertification Synthesis A Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment .

In present times, a host of research activities are carried out to study the ecology, biology and physiology of deep seabed ecosystems and species.

The agreement covers all ecosystems, species, and genetic resources.

(d) To ensure conservation and, where necessary, restoration of ecosystems.

Water quality, ecosystem management and disaster prevention

(d) Establishment of a regional network of continuous ecosystem monitoring

There's no life without it for ecosystems, societies, and individuals.

It was stated that the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and its synthesis report Human Well being and Ecosystem Services A Synthesis Report on Desertification provide a welcome and renewed focus on the socio economic significance of ecosystem services in the drylands.

Frequently, markets fail to recognize the full value of natural ecosystems and there are no institutional mechanisms to reconcile the profit motive and the currently uncompensated free services provided especially by developing countries.

Marine environment, marine resources and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems

(g) Naturally occurring meso scale marine ecosystems

Taking note of the reports of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,

(g) Improving the protection and management of terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems

Coral reef ecosystems are invaluable human treasures.

Noting the reports of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,

It includes ecosystem diversity, species diversity and genetic diversity.

Recommends that the Executive Director in his review takes into account areas of interest and concerns relating to, among other things, the following concepts included in the updated water policy and strategy

The importance of managing and maintaining ecosystems and their services was also stressed.