This debut Sub Saharan issue, which was four times oversubscribed, sparked a sovereign borrowing spree in the region.

It may also help improve the country's sovereign credit rating.

In the US side, the integrity of sovereign debt was kept in question for too long.

More ominous, however, is the sovereignty dispute between Japan and China.

They borrowed too much.

But when businesses and consumers try to borrow, they find that it is very costly, if not impossible.

Sure, there was no such thing as a eurozone sovereign security.

After the 1970 s, though, sovereign lending became institutionalized.

Borrow from foreign and domestic lenders.

While local governments have been unable to borrow, locally controlled state investment companies can.

Both in public documents and in private letters he was permitted to use the sovereign title.

America s colossal fiscal gap readily calculated using projections by the Congressional Budget Office is close to 1,400 of GDP and dwarfs US official debt, which totals 9 trillion (60 of GDP).

The sovereign right of the Irish people to decide their own future is unchallengeable.

A sovereign default () is the failure or refusal of the government of a sovereign state to pay back its debt in full.

It winds up borrowing temporarily with short term debt then, as borrowing accumulates, it is refinanced with longer term securities.

First comes growth driven by foreign borrowing.

And what, really, is so humiliating about borrowing from your own citizens?

Indeed, those who can borrow (high grade firms and prime households) don t want or need to, while those who need to highly leveraged firms and non prime households can t, owing to the credit crunch.

3. Stresses the importance of promoting responsible borrowing and lending

High borrowing costs are needed to focus minds and instill discipline.

Farmers borrow money from usurious private lenders.

So this brings us to the need to increase normal access limits.

But they have not prevented a borrowing binge in their private sectors.

Explanatory note on outside commercial borrowing

Stresses the importance of promoting responsible borrowing and lending

In turn, sovereign weakness made the banks appear riskier, and the banks and their home governments became joined at the hip.

Borrowing is also supported by an easing of credit standards and new financial products that increase leverage and widen the range of assets that can be borrowed against.

But when politicians say growth, they mean borrowing.

Reborrowing is the process where a word travels from one language to another and then back to the originating language in a different form or with a different meaning.

Although countries can become insolvent, they have many ways to reduce their sovereign debt before this happens.

Spanish borrowing costs are also rising.

Real interest rates may rise, as America borrows more and more.

Businesses will want to borrow, and banks will want to expand their lending.

Their governments have no choice but to borrow from the Fund.

The viability of outside commercial borrowing was examined with the assistance of a financial consultant.

It is one thing to borrow to make an investment, which strengthens balance sheets it is another thing to borrow to finance a vacation or a consumption binge.

This suggests that the findings and methodologies applied in the E RISC project bring added value to traditional sovereign risk analysis, by providing insights into relevant but currently unaccounted for parameters.

Investors were not worried about default risk on Spanish or Irish sovereign debt, or about Italy s chronically large sovereign debt.

Of course, the US government claims to want to rein in borrowing.

If they did that, they could not borrow at all.

In practice, it is only banks that have access to cheap borrowing, so they can reconstitute their balance sheets by borrowing cheaply and lending expensively.

The impacts of sharply rising oil prices and ongoing sovereign debt problems in Europe are also very worrisome.

And this concentration of public debt on banks balance sheets is what makes the entire European banking system so vulnerable to a sovereign default.

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and have a critical role in host defense against invading microorganisms.

And raising borrowing costs for governments with dangerously heavy debts thereby discouraging them from further borrowing is precisely what we should want to do.