With regard to the regeneration of the natural environment, the most important initiatives include reforestation, reclamation of degraded lands, protection of lowlands, the cutting of firebreaks and the development of forest stands with a view to the sustainable management of natural resources.

In addition, considerable efforts are being made to improve natural forest management and recover forest loss through the Forestry Incentives Programme of the National Forestry Institute (INAB).

Forest governance in Federal Systems (Contreras)

Forestry has always been a problem in Afghanistan.

However, the alarming rate of deforestation continues to warrant international attention and there is a need to renew the pledge to combat deforestation and restore forest functions (such as production, protection and conservation) at the landscape level, by rehabilitating degraded lands with, inter alia, forest plantations, and to improve the livelihoods of poor people living in and around forests worldwide as a priority.

At the national level, important developments have included the formulation and implementation of national forest programmes and reforms in national legislation dealing with forests, land use and natural resources, as well as decentralization and the devolution of forest management to communities.

Community Issues in Decentralization (Khare) The State, Forests and Communities in Guatemala (Elias Wittman) Decentralized NRM in Zimbabwe ( Hlambela Kozanayi) Decentralizing Protected Area Management in the Philippines (Makapukaw)

Natural resources should be properly managed through appropriate planning, regulation and enforcement.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

Staatsbosbeheer, founded in 1899, is a the Dutch government organization for Forestry and the management of nature reserves.

Under the right circumstances, decentralization enhances efficiency, equity and participation in forest management and conservation.

In order to reverse this trend, it will therefore be necessary to increase forest management and reafforestation and to control the most important factors contributing to forest loss (excessive tree felling, unsuitable planting practices and forest fires among others).

Most of them are unhappy with how forests, mountainous areas and natural resources of the country are being destroyed and not being cared for properly.

Conflict over the control of forests and other natural resources has often been an obstacle to peace.

Training of women in the area of the management of natural resources for 2004 2005

On the other side, other experts (usually with a background in forest management) demanded intervention.

Promote genuine community based forest management that empowers forest peoples.

The poverty which particularly affects rural areas has a negative impact on the sustainable management of natural resources.

There is significant knowledge and local institutional capabilities in forest management in these communities.

One country advocates approaches based on the participative management of forests.

A REDD agency will be charged with treating rain forests as a natural resource that is to be preserved and restored rather than exploited and destroyed.

4. For purposes of the calculation of the distribution of votes under paragraph 2 (b) of Article 10, tropical forest resources means natural closed forests and forest plantations productive closed broadleaved forests as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The Aichi targets call for cutting by half the rate of loss of the planet s natural habitats, including forests, by 2020.

In Indonesia, efforts are focused on rehabilitating degraded natural forests and involve not only government agencies but also private companies.

Non human primates live in a diverse number of forested habitats in the tropical latitudes of Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and South America, including rainforests, mangrove forests, and montane forests.

(j) Encouraging members to support and develop tropical timber reforestation, as well as rehabilitation and restoration of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resources

Encouraging members to support and develop tropical timber reforestation, as well as rehabilitation and restoration of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resources

On the other hand, inappropriate allocation of roles and responsibilities in forest management can result in negative impacts on people's livelihoods and contribute to deforestation and forest degradation.

Emphasizing the need for sustainable management of all types of forests, including fragile forest ecosystems,

Fourthly, we have enhanced our capacity to better respond to, and manage, natural disasters.

It is also noted that economic and financial instruments are used to stimulate rational management of natural resources.

In Uganda, ten years after the initiation of the decentralization process, the continuing friction between the central government Forestry Department and local governments is attributed to unclear division of responsibility regarding forests and to the lack of resources available to local governments for forest management.

Reforestation was also recognized as a priority for protecting watersheds, mitigating natural disasters, and protecting investments in agriculture and infrastructure.

Examples include natural fibres, organic agricultural products, recyclable and biodegradable products or sustainably produced forest products.

Coca farmers and producers slash and burn forests, polluting streams with toxic chemicals and damaging fragile ecosystems.

The second dangerous corollary was that markets know best.

Forests had been planted over an area exceeding 100,000 hectares and nearly 500,000 hectares of natural forests were systematically protected.

Some of these companies in the field involve the population in the management of natural resources, concretely the flora and the fauna, as it is the case of the management of the animal reserves for the population.

Forests should be managed to optimize both their local benefits and higher level public goods.

07 45 16 30 Excursion 4 Emmental Farm Forests Resource Management in Privately Owned Forests (Blaser Marti)

In Latin America and the Caribbean, the direction and scope of the policies for decentralizing forestry management vary considerably from one country to another.

Commercial aspects of forest management, which are handled under numerous different initiatives with no common approach, can create conflict and confusion.

The Interlaken Workshop on Decentralization, Federal Systems in Forestry, and National Forest Programs was organized to examine the impacts of decentralization on management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests and its contribution to the Millennium Development Goals.

These processes are also directing efforts towards the development and implementation of criteria and indicators relevant for the forest management unit, involving a range of partners, including forest owners, indigenous communities, non governmental organizations and the private sector.

Cooperation will be needed in many areas. One is the management of natural resources and the environment.