Consequently, as tendering is the general procurement method for goods and construction, the provisions enable an electronic reverse auction procedure that follows the pattern of the standard tendering method, adapted to provide for an electronic reverse auction.

Some tendering services even divide types of business very finely in their own way, by CPV (Common Procurement Vocabulary) codes.

Secondly, they can enhance the efficient allocation of resources (reducing the time required to conduct a procurement, and reducing the administrative costs of the traditional open tendering procedure).

Two stage tendering, like an auction, involves successive tendering phases, but the Model Law does not give any guidance on how article 33 applies to two stage tendering.

As to its location, the Working Group may consider that the draft article should be presented as part of chapter II ( Methods of procurement and their conditions for use ) and, as a form of tendering, after the current article 19 ( Conditions for use of two stage tendering, requests for proposals or competitive negotiation ).

Other delegations noted that the decision had been taken on the basis that allowing electronic reverse auctions as a phase in other procurement methods would undermine the principle of tendering that was the preferred procurement method under the Model Law.

The study analysed 14 steps in the procurement process from specifications and vendor registration to shipment tracking, invoicing and payments, and found that specifications, supplier registration and requests for information during the tendering process and payments, were the most electronic , while invoicing was the least.

(Those provisions are incorporated by cross reference to chapter III of the Model Law in articles 46 (1) (two stage tendering) and 47 (3) (restricted tendering), and similar provisions are implied in article 48 (6) (request for proposals).

(4) Paragraphs 4 (a) and (b) allow for either open tendering principles to be adopted (that is, all qualified suppliers can participate), or limited tendering, such that only those bidders that have the best ranked bids are invited to participate.

The Working Group may also wish to make an equivalent provision in two stage tendering.

It was noted that the draft text enabled the number of participants invited to participate in the auction to be restricted, and that the Guide to Enactment should note that the conditions of use for restricted tendering would normally not apply to procurement suitable for an electronic reverse auction.

(b) The establishment, in advance, of conditions for participation, including selection and award criteria and tendering rules, and their publication

(f) Article 30 (2) (requiring entities to extend the tendering deadline when it makes changes to its requirements)

In tendering procedures, articles 33 (2) and (3) also provide for the opening of tenders in the presence of participants, and the provision of information to suppliers on the identity and price of other tenders, to enable suppliers to monitor the application of the rules, but only once the tendering phase is complete.

Procurement and contracting

insert guidance regarding ranking of initial tenders see paragraph 23 above and guidance on use of open and restricted tendering see paragraph 24 above .

Thirdly, it should considerably facilitate procurement reform and the pooling of procurement services.

Procurement and contract management

(h) Procurement and supply

The conduct of the auction itself would under the draft text below be governed by the principles and objectives of the rules governing tendering.

Procurement

Procurement

Procurement

Procurement

Most of the organizations currently use e procurement for displaying or posting procurement information on their web sites, including procurement guidelines, and for communicating with suppliers and clients.

(a) Procurement and Logistics Services

Procurement policy and procedures manuals

Aggregate procurement value and trends

Authority and responsibility for procurement

A number of procurement workshops were held in 2002 and 2003, which focused on active and dynamic procurement.

The investigation was initiated in 1997 and concluded that the offending companies agreed to distribute customers amongst themselves while also participating in collusive tendering (bid rigging).

Procurement management

Procurement Unit

Procurement planning

Procurement reform

Procurement report

Procurement opportunities

Procurement and Shipping Officer (FS 5)

E. Procurement, asset and administrative management

(b) The plan should indicate the method of procurement, in line with the Procurement Manual and existing guidelines.

Comment by the Administration. UNDP supports such a procurement policy and has incorporated it into the Procurement Manual.

(b) improving procurement and contract strategies and

The objective should read To ensure efficient, effective and diversified procurement opportunities and high quality procurement services for the Organization.

The Procurement and Contracts Unit has consolidated the submitted procurement plans and conducts periodic review meetings with the major clients.

UNICEF agrees with the issue of electronic procurement and notes that the best benchmark for measuring progress would be other public procurement organizations that have been successfully implementing e procurement.