The view also exists that a FIO(S) clause is to be regarded as relating to the costs of loading, stowing, etc. only without having an impact on the carrier's liability.

If it is the intention of the parties that the clause makes the cargo side responsible for loading, stowage or discharging, a carrier may be relieved from liability for the consequences of improper stowage, but only within the scope of the liability system outlined in article 17 (previously 14).

One of the consequences of this approach is that the classic tackle to tackle clause has to refer to the scope of the contract rather than to an exclusion of the carrier's liability.

Saving clause

arbitration clause

F. Martens Clause

Liability insurance

Liability of legal persons

Criminal liability of migrants

Liability of legal persons

Liability of the Tribunal

Financial liability of Members

J. Question of liability

Such liability is incurred without prejudice to the criminal liability of individuals having committed the offences.

keywords arbitration clause arbitrator court interim measures

(c) Corruption and criminal liability

(d) Liability of legal persons

keywords arbitration agreement arbitration clause arbitrators competence judgement

Catch all clause (point 18 of the matrix)

Lynn Verinsky Because of liability insurance.

Requiring personal financial liability of staff

Liability for intentional or reckless behaviour

3. Such liability shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural persons who have committed the offences.

3. Such liability shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural persons who have committed the offences.

Moreover, the Security Council has included a meeting clause.

(a) Obligations stipulated in Article 13 (1)(a) and (b) and liability arising from the breach thereof or limitation of that liability

President Roosevelt s administration declared the clause invalid, forcing debt forgiveness.

So, as we have faced liability, we have stepped back and back, and unfortunately, where there is liability, guess what there is power.

1. Derogation from Article 19 of the ICCPR following the suspension of sub clause (a) of Clause 2 of Article 12, Clause (1) of Article 13 and Article 16 of the Constitution (freedom of opinion and expression, right to press and publication and right to information respectively).

Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage

Article 31 regulates the liability of the shipper.

Such liability may be criminal, civil or administrative.

Comparative table on limitation levels of carrier liability

Comparative table on limitation levels of carrier liability

In the law of the United States, comity may refer to the Privileges and Immunities Clause (sometimes called the Comity Clause ) in Article Four of the United States Constitution.

International liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law (International liability in case of loss from transboundary hazardous activities)

The exemption clause does not distinguish between Christians and non Christians.

Contingent liability reserve for the United Nations Postal Administration

Another approach would be to unleash the liability system.

Freedom of contract approach vs. exemption from liability approach

Basis of shipper's liability (draft article 31, former 29)

Article 53 (previously 52). Carrier's liability for undeliverable goods

2. These measures should include the imposition of liability on the operator or, where appropriate, other person or entity. Such liability should not require proof of fault. Any conditions, limitations or exceptions to such liability shall be consistent with draft principle 3.

For a forceful critique of the Martens Clause, see Antonio Cassese, The Martens Clause Half a Loaf or Simply Pie in the Sky?, 11 European Journal of International Law 187 (2000).

The draft instrument focuses to a considerable extent on matters of liability, i.e. on the regulation of liability arising in connection with the carriage of goods.