Access to water services has improved nationwide.

(i) Support to water supply and sanitation services

Water tariffs have been used extensively for recovering the costs of water infrastructure and services.

Where charges for sanitation services are included in water charges, services for poor households, including sewer connections, could be cross subsidized from progressive water charges.

Water and sanitation facilities and services for refugees Iran seeks compensation in the amount of USD 1,642,109 for expenses incurred in expanding and improving water and sanitation facilities and services at existing refugee camps and in constructing water and sanitation facilities and providing related services at new camps.

Sector coverage Some water utilities provide only water supply services, while sewerage is under the responsibility of a different entity.

Figure 12 Percentage of households without adequate water and sanitation services (2002)

Quality, effectiveness and transparency in water sector administration Sustainability of investment and services.

Basic services continue to deteriorate, particularly in the health, water and sanitation sectors.

Water supply is combined in a section with some environmental activities and services.

The public sector is generally the largest provider of water services in most countries.

The priority services under this module include cleaner and sustainable production and water management.

Key areas of intervention included water, health care, education, social services and the private sector.

Even in developed countries there are sensitivities, particularly in respect of health, education and water services.

Since 1990, over 1 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water and sanitation services.

Environmental valuation of ecosystem goods and services should become a core component of water management strategies.

Sustainability and affordability of water supply services would also be enhanced by encouraging user participation in the construction of water systems, for example through in kind contributions.

Options are presented on access to basic water services integrated water resources management access to basic sanitation sanitation and hygiene education and wastewater collection, treatment and reuse.

This is due to malnutrition and insufficient access to health services, clean water and other basic necessities.

Microcredit schemes and revolving credit funds could be used to develop community based water supplies and services.

Where public utilities are responsible for supplying both water and sanitation services, some of the interdependencies can be addressed, for example, by planning sewage and waste water treatment in consideration of the need for protection of water quality and drinking water sources.

Generally, these countries citizens enjoy services that provide for all water needs, from drinking to irrigation to sanitation.

(i) Protecting and managing forests for water resources as well as for environmental and social non market services

Target 10 Halve by 2015 the percentage of people without access to safe drinking water and sanitation services

Internally displaced persons face severe food shortages and inadequate access to safe drinking water, health and education services.

These would require inter alia improved soil health, agro forestry, water management, rural infrastructure services such as roads and means of transport, modern energy services and basic communication technologies.

USAID projects in Egypt, India and South Africa will mobilize private sector financing for municipalities and water authorities to purchase water meters, wastewater equipment, upgraded technologies and ancillary facility services.

There are marked shortages of water and sanitation services in rural areas and in some departments in the country.

In addition there had been a deterioration in health and education services and a severe lack of drinking water.

Sustainable urban development (access to basic services such as water and sanitation, waste management, transport and energy urban planification).

We also believe it extremely important to ensure the immediate provision of safe drinking water and emergency health services.

(a) To ensure equal access by persons with disabilities to clean water services, and to ensure access to appropriate and affordable services, devices and other assistance for disability related needs

UNIFIL provided humanitarian assistance to the Lebanese civilian population in the form of medical care, water projects, equipment and services for schools and orphanages and social services for the needy.

Many speakers also raised concerns with regard to existing pressure on developing countries to liberalize the services sector, especially in respect of essential services such as water, energy, health and education.

Impoverished populations desperately require lighting, fuel for cooking, affordable and accessible health care, clean water, elementary education, and financial services.

Drylands include all terrestrial regions where water scarcity limits the production of crops, forage, wood and other ecosystem provisioning services.

UNICEF interventions focus on expanding programmes that promote improved hygiene and sanitation, while maintaining support for improved water supply services.

Promoting pro poor policies is important for improving access of the poor to adequate housing and to public services such as water and sanitation services, which require inputs from the public sector.

Decentralization of water management and devolution of decision making power to local authorities and community based institutions such as water committees, supported by capacity building programmes, has proven successful in many countries in addressing local problems and reducing the costs of water services.

In addition, awareness raising, education, and extension services for farmers are important for improving overall water use efficiency and productivity. Other options include reuse of treated waste water and use of brackish waters for appropriate crops and reducing leakage from water conveyance systems.

Outputs Advisory services provided and training programmes implemented on more sustainable use of water resources by industrial enterprises and sustainable management of transboundary water resources Information materials, books, reports, brochures, web pages published.

The strategic aim is to expand the promotion of improved hygiene and sanitation, while maintaining support for improved water supply services.

Participants lamented that developing countries were pressed to liberalize the services sector, especially essential services such as water, energy, health and education, which reduced access to these sectors by poor people, particularly women.

Persistent, substantial reduction in the provision of ecosystem services as a result of water scarcity, intensive use of services and climate change is a much greater threat in drylands than in non dryland systems.

Waste management services are then treated just like other utilities such as electricity or water that are charged by unit of consumption.