(e) Price volatility

One apparent consequence is extreme price volatility.

Indeed, one of the big puzzles of the US stock market recently has been low price volatility since around 2004, amid the most volatile earnings growth ever seen.

Global economic instability correlates strongly with energy price volatility.

Security problems and disruptions in production also increased price volatility.

In the markets In the context of stock trading on a stock exchange, the bid price is the highest price a buyer of a stock is willing to pay for a share of that given stock.

Barclays stock price rose slightly on the news.

Weather related events are a major cause of price volatility on agricultural markets.

The more energy efficient one is, the lower one s vulnerability to price volatility.

While this is keeping price volatility in check, it is also hindering employment growth.

Economists generally consider commodity futures to be the solution to higher price volatility, not its cause.

Since these responses are overdue, they are severe and lead to energy price spikes and volatility.

Its stock price is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

While not a cause of price volatility, speculation on derivatives of essential food commodities significantly worsens it.

Stock market volatility was also very low during the early 1990 s, before reaching new peaks later in the decade.

What should be done about this? For starters, executives payoff from stock sales should not depend on a single stock price.

The stock price of Halliburton, Vice President Dick Cheney s old company, has soared.

But their presence has also raised concerns that speculation in commodity futures could result in higher price volatility.

Given these findings, trading in futures markets seems to have amplified price volatility in the short term only.

But chronic hunger remains pervasive, particularly in developing countries, which are affected most by crop shortages and food price volatility.

Stock markets unusually negative skew is not inconsistent with booming price growth in recent years.

The growth slowdown is a much greater concern than the recent asset price volatility, even if the latter grabs more headlines.

In the past, whenever price earnings ratios were high, future long run stock returns were low.

TOKYO In the last week or so, stock markets around the world have been hit by an upsurge in volatility, with large price swings confronting traders in New York, Tokyo, London, and beyond. And the entire global financial spasm has been largely blamed on a single culprit China.

The eurozone s sovereign risk problems could worsen, leading to another round of asset price corrections, global risk aversion, volatility, and financial contagion.

Recent global economic trends called for major policy initiatives, for example for export diversification, investment in infrastructure and control of price volatility.

Rather, the payoff should be based on the average stock price over a significant period of time.

Oil is not a reliable deterrent to democracy in the long term, owing to price volatility and the development of alternative energy sources.

UNCTAD is also actively working on issues related to the impact of oil price volatility on African oil importing and oil exporting countries.

Issuing the stock to the public at an inflated price a year ago, the shares initially traded even higher.

After February 27, 2007, it looked as if the markets were settling down, and the VIX measure of stock market volatility had fallen back nearly to earlier levels.

A lack of investment in agriculture that feeds local communities makes these countries vulnerable to international price shocks, as well as to exchange rate volatility.

It supports the purchase of equities by central banks to reduce asset price volatility, restore the value of wealth, and prevent a future market crash.

Looking forward, in the short run, speculators will continue to fuel oil price volatility as bullish and bearish factors steer them one way or the other.

We examined the extent to which firms earning announcements surprised markets (as reflected in stock price reactions to these announcements) and stock analysts (as measured by the gap between announced and forecast earnings).

With the price earnings ratio remaining stable and moderate, the stock market boom does not appear to reflect merely investor psychology.

The era of floating exchange rates that followed the end of the gold standard required the development of products that could protect international trade from price volatility.

Under one possible arrangement, executives seeking to cash out shares would sell them to the company in return for a price based on the average stock price during, say, the subsequent six months.

In new empirical research, Alma Cohen, Charles C.Y. Wang, and I show how stock markets have learned to price anti takeover provisions.

Other models have large quarterly shocks to the depreciation rate in the capital stock (in order to generate high asset price volatilities)...

Until recently, the US asset price bubble first in the stock market, then in real estate masked the underlying depreciation of American enterprises.

After all, in the 1990 s, the US stock market surge (as in many countries) was fueled by record high price earnings ratios.

Increasing risk tolerance on the part of stock market investors, which appears to have raised long run price earnings ratios by around 20 .

Also common to rentier states are short investment horizons, vulnerability to commodity price volatility euphoria when they surge, crisis when they collapse and an underdeveloped and uncompetitive manufacturing sector.

While speculators can affect prices in the short run and increase price volatility, market fundamentals and government actions explain the spectacular rise in oil prices between 2003 and mid 2008.