Consequently, as tendering is the general procurement method for goods and construction, the provisions enable an electronic reverse auction procedure that follows the pattern of the standard tendering method, adapted to provide for an electronic reverse auction.

Two stage tendering, like an auction, involves successive tendering phases, but the Model Law does not give any guidance on how article 33 applies to two stage tendering.

(1) The electronic reverse auction is to be conducted as a tendering procedure, and accordingly the provisions of chapter III of the Model Law apply unless they are inconsistent with the nature of an auction procedure.

Other delegations noted that the decision had been taken on the basis that allowing electronic reverse auctions as a phase in other procurement methods would undermine the principle of tendering that was the preferred procurement method under the Model Law.

The study analysed 14 steps in the procurement process from specifications and vendor registration to shipment tracking, invoicing and payments, and found that specifications, supplier registration and requests for information during the tendering process and payments, were the most electronic , while invoicing was the least.

The Working Group may also wish to make an equivalent provision in two stage tendering.

(Those provisions are incorporated by cross reference to chapter III of the Model Law in articles 46 (1) (two stage tendering) and 47 (3) (restricted tendering), and similar provisions are implied in article 48 (6) (request for proposals).

(4) Paragraphs 4 (a) and (b) allow for either open tendering principles to be adopted (that is, all qualified suppliers can participate), or limited tendering, such that only those bidders that have the best ranked bids are invited to participate.

It was noted that the draft text enabled the number of participants invited to participate in the auction to be restricted, and that the Guide to Enactment should note that the conditions of use for restricted tendering would normally not apply to procurement suitable for an electronic reverse auction.

(f) Article 30 (2) (requiring entities to extend the tendering deadline when it makes changes to its requirements)

(b) The establishment, in advance, of conditions for participation, including selection and award criteria and tendering rules, and their publication

Some tendering services even divide types of business very finely in their own way, by CPV (Common Procurement Vocabulary) codes.

As to its location, the Working Group may consider that the draft article should be presented as part of chapter II ( Methods of procurement and their conditions for use ) and, as a form of tendering, after the current article 19 ( Conditions for use of two stage tendering, requests for proposals or competitive negotiation ).

In tendering procedures, articles 33 (2) and (3) also provide for the opening of tenders in the presence of participants, and the provision of information to suppliers on the identity and price of other tenders, to enable suppliers to monitor the application of the rules, but only once the tendering phase is complete.

(g) In the area of electronic commerce, the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

The conduct of the auction itself would under the draft text below be governed by the principles and objectives of the rules governing tendering.

insert guidance regarding ranking of initial tenders see paragraph 23 above and guidance on use of open and restricted tendering see paragraph 24 above .

Electronic mail address

Electronic mail address

Electronic mail address

(a) Electronic contracting

(b) Electronic signatures

Electronic procurement methods

(c) Electronic commerce

(c) Electronic commerce

ENIAC ( or Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was the first electronic general purpose computer.

The Mark III used some electronic components and the Mark IV was all electronic.

The words domain name or electronic mail address , for instance, could be replaced with domain name, electronic mail address or other means of electronic communication .

The investigation was initiated in 1997 and concluded that the offending companies agreed to distribute customers amongst themselves while also participating in collusive tendering (bid rigging).

Error in electronic communications

The Electronic Money Revolution

Chapter 2 Electronic communication

Definition of electronic signature

Definition (b), Electronic communication

(v) Electronic reverse auctions

(a) The authenticity of electronic signatures relating to tenders can be established comply with relevant electronic signature legislation, e.g. that based on Model Law on Electronic Signatures

His country had based its own Basic Electronic Transaction Act and Electronic Signatures Act of 1999 on the UNCITRAL Model Laws on Electronic Commerce and on the Electronic Signatures, thus demonstrating its commitment to the Commission's goals and guidelines.

The electronic opening of tenders may require security related controls additional to those for other electronic procurement.

Secondly, they can enhance the efficient allocation of resources (reducing the time required to conduct a procurement, and reducing the administrative costs of the traditional open tendering procedure).

Legal recognition of electronic communications

Electronic Frontier Foundation, Offline project.

Revised provisions on electronic commerce

H. Electronic opening of tenders

(c) Data message means information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic, optical or similar means including, but not limited to, electronic data interchange (EDI), electronic mail, telegram, telex or telecopy

(c) Data message means information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic, magnetic, optical or similar means, including, but not limited to, electronic data interchange, electronic mail, telegram, telex or telecopy