But the legacy is a more efficient stock of capital equipment.

Some will be reinvested and used to boost the company s capital stock.

The Hanshin earthquake in 1995 destroyed capital stock worth 2 of GDP.

Pick any indicator trade relative to global GDP, capital flows relative to the global capital stock, and so forth all are rising.

Thus, the important thing was not to nationalize the capital stock, but to socialize investment.

This estimated loss is equivalent to 30 per cent of pre 2000 Palestinian capital stock.

Its stock of foreign capital will increase steadily as foreign firms invest and reinvest in China.

These changes involve replacement of capital stock and avoiding long term, carbon intensive technology lock in.

In addition, the physical capital loss is estimated to be around 3.5 billion, as a result of destruction of private and public infrastructure and capital stock and overuse of surviving physical capital.

Rapid output growth without equally rapid capital stock or employment growth must have reflected rapid productivity growth.

Massive capital inflows caused real estate and stock market bubbles in the US and parts of Europe.

Judging by low stock prices and high capital outflows, investors were already betting against high growth rates.

Political interference in the stock market is not merely about taxes on capital gains, dividends, and income.

A larger capital stock would mean thicker markets, a finer division of labor, and a more productive economy.

In investing and improving, they would add to the capital stock In all countries where there is a tolerable security of property , every man of common understanding will endeavor to employ whatever capital stock he can command, in procuring either present enjoyment or future profit...

If the capital gains tax rate is 50 (like Germany) and the company sells the stock,the company has 600 which is 40 percent less than before it sold the stock.

If China s leaders are genuinely committed to revitalizing the capital stock, they must begin with fiscal and financial decentralization.

However, China s large size and low per capita income and capital stock imply continued rapid growth in its demand for commodities.

With a lower capital stock, output would trend downward, reducing government revenues and substantially offsetting the direct gain from the tax.

Expressing its desire to avoid disruptive capital flows and secure the Stock exchanges of OIC Members from any future financial crisis

Thus, a 10 increase in working time is the same as if the economy s stock of productive capital were increased by 10 .

Other models have large quarterly shocks to the depreciation rate in the capital stock (in order to generate high asset price volatilities)...

And even when other factors constrain growth more, they cannot be changed without changing the shape and form of the economy s capital stock.

Indeed, while China s overall capital stock is by no means small, capital structure and maturity mismatches have led to the accumulation of massive volumes of non performing assets, undermining China s economic stability and financial efficiency.

But unresolved structural problems have meant that the stimulus packages generated significant fiscal and financial risk, while doing little to improve China s capital stock.

And, collectively, that delusion boosts our savings, and thus our capital stock, which on turn boosts all of our wages and salaries as well.

Moreover, Li has called upon the banking sector to reinvigorate idle capital and allocate incremental capital more effectively. And the State Council recently published Guidelines for the Structural Adjustment, Transformation, and Upgrading of the Financially Supported Economy, which outlines ten key measures for revitalizing the capital stock.

Although the capital stock will benefit from a higher household saving rate, the increase will be offset by more government dissaving as budget deficits remain high.

Likewise, the government s deficit might fall not because of austerity, but because the stock market s anticipation of economic growth fuels higher revenues from capital gains tax.

Today s capital markets raise money for governments, corporate clients, and individual customers, manage pension funds investments, and bet on the level of interest rates or the stock market.

In any meaningful international comparison, China s per capita stock of physical capital is still 8 10 times lower than in advanced countries like the United States and Japan.

A stock index or stock market index is a measurement of the value of a section of the stock market.

The world s housing, oil, and stock markets have been plunged into turmoil in recent months. Yet consumer confidence, capital expenditure, and hiring have yet to take a sharp hit.

And the State Council recently published Guidelines for the Structural Adjustment, Transformation, and Upgrading of the Financially Supported Economy, which outlines ten key measures for revitalizing the capital stock.

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In order to create the stability needed to reach the next stage of economic development, China must shift its focus from sustaining high GDP growth toward revitalizing its capital stock.

The third risk is that rising oil prices reduce investor confidence and increase risk aversion, leading to stock market corrections that have negative wealth effects on consumption and capital spending.

Banks magnify the boom by making credit too easily available, and they exacerbate the bust by withdrawing it too abruptly. But the legacy is a more efficient stock of capital equipment.

This explains why Mittal s shares are traded in Amsterdam, one of the few stock markets in the world that allows for the listing of companies with so little free floating capital.

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Stock Market Fantasies

(f) Stock raising

The growth of potential GDP will reflect the structural rise of the labor force, the increase in the capital stock, and the improvement in multifactor productivity (i.e., the change in the output that results from improvements in technology rather than from increases in labor and capital.)