The Department was highly decentralized.

Decentralization is considered as an important tool to facilitate a shift from centrally planned management to a market economy.

Decentralization is transferring the power from the federal to regional level or delivering management functions to other authorities (Malysheva).

The Decentralization and Deconcentration Support Programme.

Prevention of diarrhoea and other diseases Increased school attendance and retention Reduction of drudgery and increased dignity Improved nutritional status

The reports consider that the decentralization option could provide the right conditions for sustainable management of ecosystems and for improving the productivity of production systems.

Article 127 of the Constitution provides that territorial administration shall be governed by the principles of decentralization and devolution of power.

Deconcentration

Decentralization ___________

We support the decentralization plan of UNMIK and the Provisional Institutions, while we encourage Belgrade to take up the advisory role for the Kosovo Serbs that has been reserved for it in these discussions.

Decentralized forest management should be based not only on controls but also incentives rules that cannot be enforced should not be made.

Decentralization should not simply transfer the burdens of management, but have a net positive benefit to motivate local engagement.

Conflicts, confusion, and failure to achieve decentralization objectives have characterized many decentralization efforts.6

Decentralization processes and the achievement of an appropriate balance between centralization and decentralization of forest related decision making and management are key to making progress toward sustainable forest management.

Integration of decentralization within the national forest program (nfp) of a country is considered to be an essential step towards a successful decentralization process.

Annex B Definitions of Decentralization Concepts

(e) Take measures to move towards decentralization

The goal of the Workshop was to draw upon countries' experiences to understand better how sustainable forest management can be furthered by and can contribute to effective decentralization.

But decentralization raises problems of its own.

The current trend is toward decentralization.

The Government had made a concerted effort to ensure that the poor benefited most from the country's economic growth, with significant achievements in improving governance at the national level and an ambitious decentralization process.

Ensuring effective decentralization and community choice

Decentralization, Deconcentration and Devolution A Sampling of Definitions

Regardless of the underlying motivation for decentralization, decentralization processes must be financially sound to be sustainable over the long term.

There are several reasons to favor a healthy dose of decentralization.

A more gradual process towards decentralization is recommended.9

There is also a need for education of youth in decentralization.

Indonesia Decentralization in Forestry Indonesia's Experience (Siswanto)

Bolivia Decentralization in Bolivia Who Benefits and Why? (Pacheco)

Deconcentration is a dministative decentralization, i.e. a transfer to lower level central government authorities, or to other local authorities who are upwardly accountable to the central government (Ribot 2002 in Larson).

We also expect concrete, decisive progress in the area of decentralization.

Ghana has a long history of decentralization and re centralization.

Although decentralization has achieved contradictory outcomes, in many cases it has contributed to improved equity in access to forest resources, the distribution of economic benefits from these resources, and to sustainable forest management practices.

Decentralization is one of the key issues and is beneficial to all citizens of Kosovo.

However, this formal decentralization process has not worked seamlessly.

However Ribot argues that privatization is not a form of decentralization.

Ms. Schöpp Schilling said the Government of Italy was not alone in its decentralization efforts many States were decentralizing responsibilities towards regional, provisional and municipal levels.

Decentralization of authority, responsibility, finances and accountability, in various forms, is occurring around the world.1 An estimated 60 countries are now undergoing decentralization processes.

Decentralization should recognize, work with and strengthen representative, democratic institutions at all levels.

Japan appreciates the progress made in the discussions on decentralization, as reported by the Secretary General.

Effective reform of local government, or decentralization, will be a key test in this regard.

To date, uneven success has been achieved with decentralization in the forest sector.

That factor should be taken into account in the decentralization process.

The decentralization policy will target the district (prefecture) to make it operational.

An operation of the envisaged scope and size would require a certain degree of decentralization.