No wonder they have started to crowd into the premier league table of the world s rich.

When they are high, they are apt to crowd out investments in manufactures and other, non traditional tradables.

A large fiscal deficit increases the need for foreign funds to avoid crowding out private investment.

For now, investment in a shift to a sustainable growth and employment pattern has been crowded out.

Bad news can crowd out good news, especially in times of serious financial crisis and political unrest.

Likewise, during expansions, higher government spending is more likely to crowd out private spending.

Unproductive measures, such as public sector wage increases, will have the immediate effect of crowding out further the private sector.

Economists agree that, at full employment, higher government spending crowds out private spending.

More sophisticated advocates warn that government spending will drive up interest rates, thus crowding out private investment.

Immigrants have crowded out domestic residents who prefer the benefits to engaging in low wage competition with the newcomers.

This assumes Ricardian equivalence debt financed public spending at least partly crowds out private spending through its impact on expectations and confidence.

They have only recently been recognized as the cause of several infectious diseases, including mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, which kill by crowding out healthy brain cells.

Sustained budget deficits crowd out private investment, push up long term real interest rates, and increase the burden on future taxpayers. But they do not cause inflation unless they lead to excess demand for goods and labor.

Simply put, one cannot sustain current levels of consumption and entitlements without crowding out public sector investment, unless one believes that the state s borrowing power is unlimited, and that the intergenerational burden shift is unimportant.

But the phrasing in Growth in a Time of Debt also misled European Commissioner Olli Rehn and many others to argue that when government debt reaches 80 90 of GDP, it starts to crowd out activity.