We didn't have disease modeling with human cells, so we'd been testing them on cells of mice or other creatures or cells that we engineer, but they don't have the characteristics of the diseases that we're actually trying to cure.

But in essence what he said is you can take retroviruses, which get inside brain cells of mice.

In 1981, embryonic stem cells (ES cells) were independently first derived from mouse embryos by two groups.

And finally, these are mice that lost their photoreceptors, but now have light sensitive bipolar cells.

And also in mice and mice are mammals like us.

mice!

Mice?

Aboard fleas that carried the bacilli from rat to rat, and then transmitted from rats to humans.

Mice carry the plague.

A mouse is a timid creature.

Rats carry the plague.

Rats breed rapidly.

Arthur kills the mice.

I'll follow the rats.

Goodbye, rats!

He eats mice and rats.

Rats that have had the motor neurons in the brain stem disconnected from the neural circuits of the cerebral hemispheres (decerebration), are unable to approach and eat food.

We're doing it in mice first, and we will kill a lot of mice in the process of doing this, but they will die for a good cause.

And scientists have begun to understand how spatial memory works by recording from individual neurons in rats or mice while they forage or explore an environment looking for food.

There are two major subtypes of T cells the killer T cell and the helper T cell.

This has all moved very quickly, and the mouse experiments of hibernating mice happened in 2005 the first human studies were done in 2008, and we should know in a couple of years whether it works or not.

We hear the mice squeaking.

These are normally sighted mice.

Poor dumb!

Keepin' the mice company, stupid.

Cells...

So, I call them Gandhi neurons, or empathy neurons.

Mice lacking this protein eat until they are four times their normal size.

Cats, like dogs, are digitigrades.

Mice are a very good representation.

Cats. man speaking native language

And the answer, of course, lies with mice.

H Weave A Speedy Little Mouse.

It's in a rat trap. Where?

Yes. He's our migratory mousetrap.

You'll be sorry! You'll all be sorry, you rats!

I'm talking about the cells of the body or most of the body.

Insert Cells

Insert Cells...

My body's an accumulation of ideas too the idea of skin cells, the idea of brain cells, the idea of liver cells.

More than four decades later, in 2006, Yamanaka discovered a way to trick complex adult cells in mice into regressing to their immature state, forming stem cells.

In prostate cancer, the cells of these prostate glands mutate into cancer cells.

This is my stem cell line that developed out of some blood cells.

Some strains of MHV cause a progressive demyelinating encephalitis in mice which has been used as a murine model for multiple sclerosis.

Dr. Stein noticed that female mice seemed to recover from brain injuries better than male mice.