68. Subcontracting has been widely practised in Asia.

In some cases subcontracting has been required, especially for large firms.

In India, the Government has made subcontracting compulsory for large firms and maintains a register of potential subcontractors and attempts to link them with larger units.

The fact that the sub contracting agreement was concluded subject to the terms and conditions of the main contract did not imply that the sub contracting agreement incorporated mutatis mutandis the procedure of the main contract concerning the time limits for submission of disputes to arbitration.

C. Subcontracting, licensing and business format franchising

In a few cases, the preparation of the national report was subcontracted to a non governmental organization.

The Government of the Republic of Korea has also actively promoted subcontracting and, as in Japan, protects subcontractors against, for example, late payment by their parent bodies.

In some countries, the formulation of the national report was subcontracted outside the Government. C. Brief description of the reports received

67. Governments and business associations have launched successful efforts to increase subcontracting.

The term parts of such project indicates that if an enterprise had to subcontract all the project, this would not amount to a permanent establishment of that enterprise in the State of subcontraction.

(iv) Preparation of equipment specifications or subcontract tender documents, technical appraisal of bids and assistance in negotiations and selection

The direction of change has been to promote subcontracting by facilitating it on a voluntary rather than a compulsory basis.

They operate or promote subcontracting exchanges, sector specific manufacturing networks, raw materials banks and contract farming.

39. The administering Power also noted that the electronic companies had benefited from subcontracting arrangements with United States companies.

The Court dismissed the appeal. In its view, the sub contracting agreement provided for arbitration upon the request of either party.

65. Both transnational and local firms have found subcontracting and franchising profitable ways to divide the entrepreneurial function.

Although legal requirements to subcontract may decline because of a move towards deregulation, subcontracting, franchising and licensing are likely to continue to be popular because of their overall commercial utility.

In Africa, on the other hand, subcontracting has not proved popular, partly because it has been connected with the exploitative policies of State owned enterprises.

(c) At this stage, many of the services provided will be incorporated in the form of subcontracted services

In addition to aircraft manufacturing, the company also performs maintenance, overhaul and repair work as well as performing sub contract engineering and design work.

In the case of subcontracting, the large scale unit or its broker typically provides the market and the technology and sometimes access to raw materials and finance.

NGOs and chambers of commerce have promoted subcontracting exchanges, including the removal of tax obstacles, and have provided assistance with quality control.

1.194 All insurance services, including contracting for insurance, will have been centralized.

UNDP has taken increased its internal operational capacities in contracting, procurement, financial administration, human resource management and administrative support, which were subcontracted to UNOPS.

64. Subcontracting, franchising and licensing are all means of enabling small entrepreneurs to utilize resources and gain access to markets available to larger enterprises.

The claimant argued that the submission of the disputes to arbitration was optional under the sub contracting agreement, and that the disputes related to non arbitrable matters.

Greater reliance on subcontracting is limited by unpredictable adjudication of contract disputes and inadequate protection of intellectual property.

91. A third trend is the growth of the informal sector itself, blurring the lines between the household and the enterprise with the growth of subcontracting, home based work and self employment.

For its part, JIU has in the past several years issued two reports on outsourcing in the United Nations system, which however covered only one aspect of procurement, namely subcontracting of some functions to commercial service providers.

Subcontracts

All OPS staff involved in such contracting will participate.

As well, the claimant argued that the submission of the disputes to arbitration was not made within the prescribed time limits set forth in the main contract and incorporated by reference into the sub contracting agreement.

Total per country

J. Subcontracts

Although not a new phenomenon, outsourcing the practice of subcontracting non core work to outside parties with a view to reducing costs and enhancing efficiency is increasingly becoming a key area of interest for a number of developing countries.

The increase of 731,000 under other services relates to the subcontracting to a service company of 56 individual contractors from April 2006.

East Asian multinationals are bringing in new methods of supply and distribution, and business associations and NGOs are active intermediaries in promoting subcontracting.

8. DESD Cost of subcontracts by country of subcontractor, 1992 . 25

In Eastern Europe, because most industry is concentrated, there is a high potential for large firms to gain the flexibility that comes from subcontracting and for small firms to get opportunities for expansion.

The responsibility for procurement of external printing services has been transferred to the Office of General Services to be carried out as an integral part of the work of the Commercial, Purchase and Transportation Service.

Subcontracts 5 859 16 648

B. Northern section . 68 87 20

DESD COST OF SUBCONTRACTS BY COUNTRY OF SUBCONTRACTOR, 1992 Country of subcontractor

Interiority is entirely unrelative, so to operate from this position of interiority, it's like a perceptual vantage point.

EXTRACTS (Supplied by a Sub Sub Librarian).