So diploid just means it has its full complement of chromosomes, so it has 2N chromosomes.

Chimpanzees have two sets of 24, or 24 pairs of chromosomes.

Two chromosomes.

It has two chromosomes.

Fruit flies have 4 pairs, and bananas have 11 pairs.

We each have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

So let me draw some chromosomes.

Before every somatic cell division, chromosomes are duplicated so that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

And we'll come back to chromosomes in a minute.

So S, you have replication of your chromosomes.

It now has four chromosomes.

And then you have these two other special chromosomes.

Cows have 30 pairs of chromosomes.

Chickens have 39 pairs.

So I'll draw my father's chromosomes in blue.

Then I have 23 chromosomes from my mother.

And on these chromosomes are roughly 25,000 genes.

So you still have a diploid number of chromosomes.

It's actually whole chromosomes determine it.

different species have different numbers of chromosomes.

Rhesus monkeys have 21 pairs of chromosomes.

All act in the same way during cell division.

It is obviously central to the movement of the chromosomes.

Let's see, so I have 23 chromosomes from my mother.

Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

It's got 2N chromosomes, and then it grows.

As it goes through S phase, these chromosomes replicate.

And you have your two chromosomes in this case.

And so we started down the road of can we synthesize a chromosome?

I can just keep going. And eventually you have 22 pairs.

These sausage shaped things are the chromosomes, and we'll focus on them.

The nuclear envelope breaks down. These sausage shaped things are the chromosomes, and we'll focus on them.

Cell loss, mutations in chromosomes, mutations in the mitochondria and so on.

Potatoes, potatoes have 48 chromosomes. Do you know that?

When the mom has this, she has two chromosomes, homologous chromosomes.

It's obviously got its full chromosomal complement still.

So I could just do, that's one of the homologous, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14.

You know, hair might be coded for by this whole set of genes on multiple chromosomes and this might be coded for a whole set of genes on multiple chromosomes.

DNA is present in the chromosomes, which are basic components of the cell nucleus.

Now, each of these chromosomes, and I made them right next to each other.

So 22 of the pairs of chromosomes are just regular non sex determining chromosomes.

I mean, why don't we talk about, well, there's chromosomes, and there's genes.

All your genetic information is tightly packed into 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Molecular genetics Although genes were known to exist on chromosomes, chromosomes are composed of both protein and DNA, and scientists did not know which of these is responsible for inheritance.

And so most people are saying, look, the cell itself replicates into two diploid cells, so it turns into two cells, each that have a full complement of chromosomes, 2N chromosomes.