The reliability testing of existing and stored munitions should be part of any preventive measure designed to reduce the likelihood of munitions, including submunitions, from becoming ERW.

Since all explosive munitions can become ERW, this question relates to all explosive munitions used in armed conflict.

The types of munitions and the means to be used are selected by Belgium in order to minimize the generation of ERW.

The United Kingdom recognises that all explosive munitions are capable of becoming Explosive Remnants of War.

The discussion during the Meetings showed that from an ERW perspective the identification of possible specific types of munitions, including submunitions, is a complex exercise.

Strict application of international humanitarian law Respect for appropriate national use concepts Making all munitions more reliable over their entire life cycle, so as to prevent them from becoming explosive remnants of war (ERW).

Specific Types of Munitions

Within Iraq there is a very wide range of ERW representing the complete range of munition types including

The main purpose of the paper is to facilitate the future discussion on the issue on possible preventive measures aimed at improving the design of certain specific type of munitions, including submunitions, with a view to minimizing the humanitarian risk of these munitions becoming explosive remnants of war.

Typically, a majority of these were discarded munitions that had been kicked out' of their purpose built storage areas during bombings throughout the war.

It was noted that there is no single preventive measures, that it sufficient by itself to reduce the likelihood of munitions becoming explosive remnants of war.

Air delivered Cluster Munitions

It was noted that no single preventive measure is in itself sufficient to reduce the likelihood of munitions becoming explosive remnants of war.

Depletion of ammunition

Answer 33,340 Croatian dinars per month.

This list represents a cross section of specific types of munitions which could become dangerous explosive remnants of war after an armed conflict.

It is well known that especially submunitions were highly stigmatised as the most problematic type of explosive munitions.

Which existing principles of IHL applicable to the use of force during an armed conflict are considered relevant to the use of munitions, including submunitions, that may become ERW?

(iii) Sub Munitions

D. Destruction of munitions

A particular means or method of war, and more particularly munitions including sub munitions that may become ERW, must not be applied when technically a distinction between military objectives and protected persons and objects cannot be made at the time of attack.

These submunitions have a very high level of reliability, thus reducing the risk of generation of explosive remnants of war and consequently of collateral damage among civilian populations.

Pursuant to the mandate of the Working Group on Explosive Remnants of War, States Parties will continue to consider the implementation of existing principles of international humanitarian law (IHL) and further study possible preventive measures aimed to improve the design of certain specific types of munitions, including submunitions.

(v) Aerial delivered Bombs Sub munitions,

All boats, throw out your ammunition! Get rid of it! Quick!

Most types of submunitions are designed to disperse submunitions over a wide area (some models disperse submunitions over a square kilometre).

With respect to submunitions, the list identifies that several types of submunitions have different humanitarian risk associated with them.

In particular multi fuze submunitions or submunitions with a back up system seem to pose a much lower humanitarian risk than single fuze submunitions.

(e) Small calibre ammunitions

Identifying high risk munitions

Reliability and Use of Cluster Munitions

Depletion of ammunition N. MAURITIUS

6. Welcomes the commitment by States parties to continue to address the humanitarian problems caused by certain specific types of munitions in all their aspects, including cluster munitions, with a view to minimizing the humanitarian impact of these munitions

Iraq also provided information on other types of aerial and artillery munitions used in field trials with biological warfare agents or simulants.

The Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War has provided a partial remedy to reduce the dangers of ERW (including unexploded submunitions) after the end of the fighting.

There is no single solution to ERW, rather it requires a combination of actions throughout the life cycle of the munitions involved.

The list of specific types of munitions is illustrative. It should not be seen or understood as proof or irrefutable evidence that the identified types of munitions might pose an unacceptable humanitarian risk as explosive remnants of war.

Explosives Ordinance Disposal and they're the pointy end of the spear in the

Many delegations stressed that submunitions should be the category of munitions needing to be prioritized.

ceased. These efforts are continuing in the context of the 1980 Convention, and France plans to continue to play an active role in organizing specific preventive measures to improve the design of certain types of munitions, and particularly submunitions, so as to prevent these items from becoming explosive remnants of war after the cessation of hostilities.

In doing so, States Parties endeavor to minimize the humanitarian risk of these munitions becoming explosive remnants of war.

Thus, the positive verification of two liquid biological warfare agents found in munitions reduced the concern that Iraq had produced dry agent.

Ground launched munitions can be divided into a further 2 categories tube artillery launched and rocket launched.

Legacy Munitions Awaiting Destruction

Specific types of munitions and threat assessment Possible preventive measures with a view to reducing the humanitarian risk Technical cooperation and assistance with respect to possible preventive measures.