In September 1974, the country's first commercial trading bank, the Bank of Tonga, opened.

National Bank of Iran ) is the first national Iranian bank.

The first run on a bank occurred against the British mortgage lender Northern Rock.

Moreover, the US Federal Reserve is targeting a 4 annual inflation rate.

The PBC should target the renminbi s rate of real appreciation, rather than the inflation rate under a stable renminbi.

The Fed s goal of pushing the unemployment rate down to 6.5 is a noble one.

In November 2004, the European Investment Bank (EIB), working with the private bank BNP Paribas, announced that it would issue the world s first long term longevity bond.

The first ever bond issued by a national government was issued by the Bank of England in 1693 to raise money to fund a war against France.

And the Bank of England has cut its benchmark rate nine times, by 525 points, to an all time low of 0.5 .

At that point, the Fed can focus on its fundamental mandate of preventing a rise in the rate of inflation.

Likewise, the Bank of England keeps its policy rate at only 0.5 , despite an inflation rate that hovers above 2 .

In Belgium, where the first universal banks had been established in the early nineteenth century, investment and commercial banking were also separated.

As a result, the Fed has bought a massive amount of bonds without causing the stock of money and thus the rate of inflation to rise.

Abe has demanded that the Bank of Japan pursue a quantitative easing strategy that will deliver an inflation rate of 2 3 and weaken the yen.

In fact, the Fed has been under increasing scrutiny since 2008, when near zero nominal interest rates drove it to become the first central bank to adopt QE.

It was only at the end of the 1970 s that the Fed, under its new chairman, Paul Volcker, tightened monetary policy and caused inflation to fall.

Goldman Sachs coined the term in 2001 to call attention to profitable opportunities in what it considered emerging markets.

So the Fed could, in principle, decide to raise the federal funds rate even before the unemployment rate reaches 6.5 .

Although the United States does not have a formal inflation target, financial markets understand that the Fed aims for an inflation rate close to 2 .

With unemployment now at 7.6 and falling only slowly, the Fed may not be ready to raise the federal funds rate until 2015.

Of course, this would be a radical departure for the Fed, which has worked hard to convince the public that it will keep inflation around 2 .

The initiative to set up a bad bank in Sweden was taken not by politicians, but by the management of Nordbanken. Following years of mismanagement and reckless lending, the bank was the first big victim of the commercial property market s decline in 1990.

First, the Fed is trying to give relatively specific guidance about the future path of the federal funds rate (the overnight rate at which commercial banks lend to each other).

But, with a coming decline in headline inflation and mounting concerns about growth, the PBC is likely to prove a bit more accommodating in the second half of 2011.

In view of the need for structural adjustment, the PBC should maintain a tight monetary stance. But, with a coming decline in headline inflation and mounting concerns about growth, the PBC is likely to prove a bit more accommodating in the second half of 2011.

Almaty is home to BTA Bank, which is the largest bank in Central Asia, Kazkommertsbank and other major banks.

Beginning in March 2009, the Swiss National Bank became the first Western central bank in years to seek to influence its currency s exchange rate through intervention.

When Wolfowitz s name was first mentioned as a candidate to lead the world s premier development bank, the idea that the architect of America s failure in Iraq would be so rewarded was met by incredulity.

The following year, Vneshtorgbank purchased a controlling stake in the privatized United Georgian Bank, Georgia s third largest.

And, in the United States, where inflation exceeds 2 , the Federal Reserve s benchmark federal funds rate remains at an historic low of 0 0.25 .

The Fed has signaled that its federal funds rate will remain near 0 , at least as long as unemployment exceeds 6.5 and inflation expectations remain well anchored.

CAMBRIDGE Why has quantitative easing coexisted with price stability in the United States? Or, as I often hear, Why has the Federal Reserve s printing of so much money not caused higher inflation?

The African Development Bank s capital was increased by 200 , as was the Asian Development Bank s.

The average temperature is lower than that of the country, the average humidity is higher (7 800 mm year.

By February 2013, these ten African economies had collectively raised 8.1 billion from their maiden sovereign bond issues, with an average maturity of 11.2 years and an average coupon rate of 6.2 .

Where the Bank of Japan has now led, the Fed should follow.

Indeed, the very fact that the Fed is under such intense political scrutiny makes it all but certain that it will take the first opportunity to reestablish its price stability bona fides.

This would reestablish monetary sovereignty and create a normal central bank (like the Federal Reserve or the Bank of England) at the European level.

The eurozone s unemployment rate, at 10.9 , is at its highest level since the euro was introduced, and young people everywhere, as the first to suffer the consequences of the crisis, are paying a disproportionally high price.

In the early 1990 s, the Fed, and many others, thought that the NAIRU was around 6 6.2 . Based on changes in the economy, I and the staff that worked with me on President Bill Clinton s Council of Economic Advisers argued that the NAIRU was considerably lower.

With dollar financing by the Federal Reserve available to large institutions, the Fed became the equivalent of a world central bank.

In 1963, the Bank of Libya took over from the National Bank and issued notes in the same denominations.

A Radioactive Bank to be Welcomed

Fighting the Fed

Grameen vs. Bangladesh