Wide support was expressed for the suggestion to complement the reference to the liability of the carrier with a reference to its obligations.

Finally, it was suggested that the reference to maritime performing parties would be necessary to ensure that the carrier would not escape liability by invoking the exclusive liability of the maritime performing parties.

The possibility of inserting in a separate paragraph of draft article 88a (5) a reference to liability for intentional or reckless behaviour should be the object of further discussion at a future session.

Liability of legal persons

Criminal liability of migrants

Liability of legal persons

Liability of the Tribunal

Financial liability of Members

J. Question of liability

Liability insurance

Such liability is incurred without prejudice to the criminal liability of individuals having committed the offences.

(d) Liability of legal persons

For example, reference was made to the limited liability company which existed in civil law systems as an intermediate form of commercial company between a limited company (sociedad anónima) and a partnership (sociedad de personas).

Lynn Verinsky Because of liability insurance.

Requiring personal financial liability of staff

In particular, it was noted, in respect of paragraph 2, that the polluter pays principle was tempered by the additional reference that liability may, where appropriate, attach to a person or entity other than the operator.

3. Such liability shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural persons who have committed the offences.

3. Such liability shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural persons who have committed the offences.

Article 31 regulates the liability of the shipper.

Comparative table on limitation levels of carrier liability

Comparative table on limitation levels of carrier liability

(c) Corruption and criminal liability

(a) Obligations stipulated in Article 13 (1)(a) and (b) and liability arising from the breach thereof or limitation of that liability

International liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law (International liability in case of loss from transboundary hazardous activities)

The draft instrument focuses to a considerable extent on matters of liability, i.e. on the regulation of liability arising in connection with the carriage of goods.

Freedom of contract approach vs. exemption from liability approach

Basis of shipper's liability (draft article 31, former 29)

Liability for intentional or reckless behaviour

Terms of reference

Terms of reference

Frame of reference

2. These measures should include the imposition of liability on the operator or, where appropriate, other person or entity. Such liability should not require proof of fault. Any conditions, limitations or exceptions to such liability shall be consistent with draft principle 3.

Moreover, there was support for the principle of liability without proof of fault, which was a trend in liability regimes at both the national and international levels.

The relationship between scope of application and substantive liability regime

Vicarious liability of the shipper (draft article 35, former 32)

It was therefore suggested that the reference in draft article 13 to draft articles 9 and 10 should be replaced by draft articles 9 to 12 inclusive , and that paragraph (4) of the commentary to draft article 13 refer specifically to limited liability companies.

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

The unfunded liability associated with this will total billions of pounds.

Support was also expressed for the primary liability of the operator.

Cessation of the shipper's liability (draft article 36, former 43(2))

So, as we have faced liability, we have stepped back and back, and unfortunately, where there is liability, guess what there is power.

Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage