Even if the above mentioned provisions do not expressly refer to the gender of the litigant, in practice this Act institutes inequality between men and women.

He reiterates his view that as a large number of judges refuse to publish information on their additional functions, a litigant does not have reliable information on such functions for the purpose of challenging him and exhausting domestic remedies.

The Court is thus ideally equipped to settle quickly and durably, at a minimum cost, any type of legal dispute, whatever its nature and the type of solution pursued, and regardless of the status of the relationship between the litigant parties.

The first author contended that the denial of a lawyer's right to challenge a judge would place the litigant or the party in an unequal position, since the rights and interests of the lawyer can also be affected by the participation of a hostile judge.