Neil Gershenfeld on Fab Labs

And the idea of integrating manufacturers fab labs in every country.

The developed wafer is then exposed to acids or other chemicals.

Slumping orders devastated low end producers, which barely survived on wafer thin margins.

When the wafer is processed in the stepper, the pattern on the reticle (which may contain a number of individual chip patterns) is exposed repeatedly across the surface of the wafer in a grid.

There was a girl who insisted we stay late at night Kids I love the Fab Lab.

Now, we've actually done some research Neil Gershenfeld and the Fab Labs went out into the market.

Each bar consists of fingers composed of three layers of wafer, covered in an outer layer of chocolate.

This is accomplished by moving the wafer back and forth and left and right under the lens of the stepper.

The stepper gets its name from the fact that it moves or steps the wafer from one shot location to another.

The perpetrators are elements of the military FAB, CNDD FDD and the new FDN, members of FNL, prison guards, armed bandits and unknown persons.

MONUC and the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) are encouraging information sharing between FARDC and the Forces armées burundaises (FAB) on these issues.

This is then placed in a part of the stepper called the wafer loader, usually located at the lower front of the stepper.

Before the wafer is exposed a reticle is loaded onto the reticle stage by a robot, where it is also very precisely aligned.

and one loaf of bread, one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of unleavened bread that is before Yahweh.

Previous generations of photolithographic equipment would expose the entire wafer, all at once a stepper, working on a limited area, is capable of higher resolution.

We use CNC to make scaffolding to train semi epithetic matter, plants, into a specific geometry that makes a home that we call a Fab Tree Hab.

The wafer is then cleaned, recoated with photoresist, then passed through the stepper again in a process that creates the circuit on the silicon, layer by layer.

And one loaf of bread, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of the unleavened bread that is before the LORD

Mahmoud El Safty co founded Giza Hackerspace and Fab Lab Egypt, the first of their kind in Egypt, with both projects located in Giza, in the suburbs of Cairo.

It is a multiple step sequence of photo lithographic and chemical processing steps during which electronic circuits are gradually created on a wafer made of pure semiconducting material.

MIT professor Neil Gershenfeld talks about his Fab Lab a low cost lab that lets people build things they need using digital and analog tools. It's a simple idea with powerful results.

This wasn't meant to be provocative or important, but we put together these Fab Labs. It's about 20,000 dollars in equipment that approximate both what the 20 million dollars does and where it's going.

This isn't a university it's not a company. It's essentially a village for invention it's a village for the outliers in society, and those have been growing up around these Fab Labs all around the world.

Once this fine alignment is completed, the shot is exposed by light from the stepper's illumination system that passes through the reticle, through a reduction lens, and on to the surface of the wafer.

This is done by further improving techniques for manipulating the light as it passes through the illumination system and the reticle, as well as improving techniques for processing the wafer before and after exposure.

As another of his e mails put it The entire system is about to crumble any moment...the only potential survivor the fabulous Fab...standing in the middle of all these complex, highly levered, exotic trades he created.

and out of the basket of unleavened bread, that was before Yahweh, he took one unleavened cake, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, and placed them on the fat, and on the right thigh.

A state of the art airplane factory rotating metal wax at fixed metal, or you maybe melt some plastic. A 10 billion dollar chip fab uses a process a village artisan would recognize you spread stuff around and bake it.

And out of the basket of unleavened bread, that was before the LORD, he took one unleavened cake, and a cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, and put them on the fat, and upon the right shoulder

The components of the stepper are contained in a sealed chamber that is maintained at a precise temperature to prevent distortions in the printed patterns that might be caused by expansion or contraction of the wafer due to temperature variations.

The priest shall take the boiled shoulder of the ram, and one unleavened cake out of the basket, and one unleavened wafer, and shall put them on the hands of the Nazirite, after he has shaved the head of his separation

And the priest shall take the sodden shoulder of the ram, and one unleavened cake out of the basket, and one unleavened wafer, and shall put them upon the hands of the Nazarite, after the hair of his separation is shaven

Also, a number of the topics that we've been talking about this week at TED are things that we've addressed in the past on Worldchanging cradle to cradle design, MIT's Fab Labs, the consequences of extreme longevity, the One Laptop per Child project, even Gapminder.