Climate The predominant climate type is tropical monsoon, with wide topographic induced variation.

We have obtained topographic measurements of the surface of Mars. We understand the elevation differences.

A topographic survey was carried out around the summit of Dome A, including the drilling of a 108 metre ice core.

At the surface, the topographic expression is commonly an oceanic trench on the ocean side and a mountain range on the continental side.

Very high resolution satellite imagery is increasingly used for preparing boundary demarcation image maps, as well as to bring older large scale topographic maps used by the Department up to date.

The Shield was originally an area of very large mountains (about ) with much volcanic activity, but over hundreds of million of years, the area has been eroded to its current topographic appearance of relatively low relief.

In December 2001, the Austrian Constitutional Court ruled that topographic road signs in all settlements in Carinthia which have had more than 10 of Slovene speaking inhabitants over a longer period of time, should be written both in German and Slovene.