Calculations, including a discussion of how uncertainties have been addressed A description of formulae used to estimate the baseline net greenhouse gas removals by sinks for the project activity A description of formulae used to estimate leakage A description of formulae used to calculate the actual net greenhouse gas removals by sinks A description of formulae used to calculate the net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks References to support the above, if any.

In calculating the baseline net greenhouse gas removals by sinks and or actual net greenhouse gas removals by sinks, project participants may choose not to account for one or more carbon pools, and or emissions of the greenhouse gases measured in CO2 equivalents, while avoiding double counting.

People are still figuring out what a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases actually means.

Roughly half of the reporting Parties also identified measures to limit emissions and enhance removals by sinks in the LUCF sector.

The baseline net greenhouse gas removals by sinks for a proposed afforestation or reforestation project under the CDM shall be established

Issuance of tCERs for the net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks achieved by the project activity since the project start date in accordance with paragraphs 41 44 below Issuance of lCERs for the net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks achieved by the project activity during each verification period, in accordance with paragraphs 45 50 below.

Land use change and forestry More than two thirds of the Parties identified measures relating to the enhancement of removals of GHGs by sinks.

Guidelines for national systems for the estimation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks under Article 5, paragraph 1, of the Kyoto Protocol

The collection and archiving of all relevant data necessary for estimating or measuring the actual net greenhouse gas removals by sinks during the crediting period.

National systems should be designed and operated to support compliance with Kyoto Protocol commitments related to the estimation of anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks.

This is subject to the provision of transparent and verifiable information that the choice will not increase the expected net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks.

The monitoring plan shall specify techniques and methods for sampling and measuring individual carbon pools and greenhouse gas emissions by sources included in the actual net greenhouse gas removals by sinks, that reflect commonly accepted principles and criteria concerning forest inventory The collection and archiving of all relevant data necessary for determining the baseline net greenhouse gas removals by sinks during the crediting period.

Reaffirming that anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol should be reported in a transparent, consistent, comparable, complete and accurate way,

In the case of afforestation and reforestation project activities under the CDM, a designated operational entity shall verify and certify net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks.

Where the certification report of the DOE indicates a reversal of net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks since the previous certification, an equivalent quantity of lCERs shall be replaced.

Certification is the written assurance by a DOE that an afforestation or reforestation project activity under the CDM achieved the net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks since the start of the project, as verified.

The Executive Board shall develop, for consideration by the COP MOP at its first session, simplified monitoring methodologies based on appropriate statistical methods to estimate or measure the actual net greenhouse gas removals by sinks.

A Party included in Annex I shall not account for emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, if these are already accounted for under Article 3, paragraph 3.

The guidelines for national systems for the estimation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks under Article 5, paragraph 1, of the Kyoto Protocol are referred to herein as guidelines for national systems .

Once land is accounted for under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources from and removals by sinks on this land must be accounted for throughout subsequent and contiguous commitment periods.

Verification is the periodic independent review and ex post determination by the DOE of the net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks achieved, since the start of the project, by an afforestation or reforestation project activity under the CDM.

The DOE shall, based on its verification report, certify in writing that, since its start, the afforestation or reforestation project activity under the CDM has achieved the net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks.

Objectives The objectives of national systems under Article 5, paragraph 1, for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, referred to below as national systems, are

The guidelines for national systems for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks under Article 5, paragraph 1, of the Kyoto Protocol are referred to as guidelines for national systems in the present annex.

If bundled project activities are registered with an overall monitoring plan, this monitoring plan shall be implemented and each verification certification of the net anthropogenic removals by sinks achieved shall cover all of the bundled project activities.

As appropriate, the Executive Board may indicate different methods for different types of afforestation and reforestation project activities under the CDM and propose default factors, if any, to facilitate the estimation or measurement of actual net greenhouse gas removals by sinks.

Accounting of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from land use, land use change and forestry activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, shall begin with the onset of the activity or the beginning of the commitment period, whichever comes later.

Fourthly, China has increased its carbon sinks by promoting reforestation.

Replacing lCERs prior to their expiry date Replacing lCERs where the certification report of the DOE indicates a reversal of net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks since the previous certification Replacing lCERs where the certification report has not been provided in accordance with paragraph 33 above.

National systems should be designed and operated to enable Parties included in Annex I to consistently estimate anthropogenic emissions by all sources and removals by all sinks of all GHGs, as covered by the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and IPCC good practice guidance, in accordance with relevant decisions of the COP and or COP MOP.

By slothfulness the roof sinks in and through idleness of the hands the house leaks.

And America s image sinks further every day.

Perform all pending installs and removals

Recalculation, consistent with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories, is a procedure for re estimating anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG)6 emissions by sources and removals by sinks of previously submitted inventories7 as a consequence of changes in methodologies, changes in the manner in which emission factors and activity data are obtained and used, or the inclusion of new source and sink categories.

12 For the purpose of this technical guidance, net emissions or removals refers to total CO2 emissions minus CO2 removals.

As that reality sinks in, economic prospects darken.

If the boat springs a leak, everyone sinks.

Well managed forests also constitute net carbon sinks.

Cancel all pending installations, removals, holds, and upgrades.

Gallery There are many different shapes and sizes of sinks.

The State party should also ensure that independent human rights observers and or doctors are present during all forced removals by air.

Debits where emissions are larger than removals on a unit of land.

Credits where removals are larger than emissions on a unit of land.

Adjustment methods based on correlation of emissions removals between categories or gases

Correlation of emissions or removals between categories or gases within an inventory could in some cases be used to estimate emissions or removals of a specific gas or from a specific category.