For example, the first working laser was a ruby laser, made from ruby (chromium doped corundum).

The most important of these is stainless steel, which contains mainly chromium and nickel in varying proportions.

By September 1990, each of the metals had dropped in price chromium by 5 , tin by a whopping 74 .

China s manufacturing boom is fuelled by imported minerals, such as iron ore and chromium, which southern Africa possesses in abundance.

The environmentalists put their money on chromium, copper, nickel, tin, and tungsten, and picked a time frame of 10 years.

To inhibit corrosion, at least 11 chromium is added to steel so that a hard oxide forms on the metal surface this is known as stainless steel.

The iridium layer, which had to be smooth to within a few atoms, was applied by depositing iridium vapor under high vacuum on a base layer of chromium.

Oxidizers include boron(III) oxide, silicon(IV) oxide, chromium(III) oxide, manganese(IV) oxide, iron(III) oxide, iron(II,III) oxide, copper(II) oxide, and lead(II,IV) oxide.

One example of a nickel based niobium containing superalloy is Inconel 718, which consists of roughly 50 nickel, 18.6 chromium, 18.5 iron, 5 niobium, 3.1 molybdenum, 0.9 titanium, and 0.4 aluminium.

Alloyed steels, which are sometimes also called special steels and may be considered specialty products, contain small portions of alloying elements such as chromium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, silicon, tungsten or vanadium.

According to some estimates, Kazakhstan has the second largest uranium, chromium, lead, and zinc reserves, the third largest manganese reserves, the fifth largest copper reserves, and ranks in the top ten for coal, iron, and gold.

Heavy metals (aluminium, chromium, arsenic, and copper) dissolved in the water as a result of coal burning were deemed to be at acceptable levels, but metals in sediment and mercury in larger pike were found to be excessive.

Syria asserts that the analyses performed at Dura Europos reveal an external patina that contains many black metal oxides and carbon particles typical of air pollution as well as small quantities of vanadium, nickel, chromium, lead and many trace elements.

Although Syria did not submit information about the presence or absence of other sources of pollution unrelated to the oil well fires, it does acknowledge that the presence of zinc and chromium in the Dura Europos samples can be linked to local industrial activities and steel production.