A car in Syria bearing the Islamic Caliphate number plate.

These conquests were part of the expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate.

Very few Muslims want to live under a seventh century style caliphate.

The caliphate in Baghdad and the Song dynasty in China were brought down.

They dream about a Caliphate that would include much more of the Russian Federation than the North Caucasus.

These Muslims, supported by Gandhi, sought retention of the Uthman caliphate, which supplied spiritual leadership to many Muslims.

Zaid Benjamin shares on Twitter a photograph of the first car in Syria with the Islamic Caliphate state registration plates

Indeed, the confrontation at the mosque followed the declaration of an Islamic Caliphate in Gaza, a flagrant rejection of Hamas s authority.

It was in Mosul that the militant group's leader, Abu Bakr al Baghdadi, declared an Islamic Caliphate spanning Syria and Iraq.

Very few Muslims want to live under a seventh century style caliphate. They prefer to live in freedom and in parliamentary democracies.

Al Qaeda s agenda is as much about the creation of a new Islamic caliphate as it is about waging jihad against the West.

Once Ataturk refused the caliphate and with iron determination started reforming Turkish institutions on the Western model, the Islamic world lost its centre.

Islamic fundamentalists define jihad as a war of terror against the West and call for an Islamic caliphate from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Those fighters formed the nucleus of what was to later on become ISIS, which has carved itself an Islamic caliphate across Syria and Iraq.

Decades later, the Islamic Caliphate came under the rule of the Umayyad dynasty, which chose Damascus to be the administrative capital of the Muslim world.

The size of the Rashidun army was initially 13,000 troops in 632, but as the Caliphate expanded, the army gradually grew to 100,000 troops by 657.

The war began as part of a succession crisis in the Fatimid Caliphate, which began to crumble under the pressure of Syria and the Crusader states.

On 17 May 2005, a group of extremists drew the emblem of the caliphate on the building of Uzbekistan's embassy in London, where the headquarters of Hizb ut Tahrir is located.

Bahrain and four other Arab countries have joined the coalition against the militant group, which is killing Muslims and minorities and spreading horror, in order to grab land for its self declared caliphate.

While the Islamist group Boko Haram threatens to extend its caliphate in the north east part of Nigeria, major developments are taking place in the Sahel with respect to the security of the region.

The irony is that, like the Kremlin and its allies, the Islamists do not want to separate. They dream about a Caliphate that would include much more of the Russian Federation than the North Caucasus.

Their goals of re creating some 7th century caliphate or, in the case of Iraq, restoring Sunni domination are unlikely to be satisfied by free men and women openly choosing their political system and leadership.

Having concealed themselves in the Fergana Valley, fighters from this extremist group attempted to carry out their long standing plans to overthrow the constitutional authorities elected by the people and establish a so called caliphate .

In southern Iraq there is a community of Iraqis of African descent, a legacy of the slavery practiced in the Islamic Caliphate beginning before the Zanj Rebellion of the 9th century, and Basra's role as a key port.

The de facto dismemberment of both countries central state authorities gave rise to a totally new player the Islamic State, which has announced the establishment of a caliphate straddling Iraq and Syria, totally disregarding the old Sykes Picot arrangement.

Jewish fundamentalists obstruct any peace process that is left in the Middle East and build more illegal settlements. Islamic fundamentalists define jihad as a war of terror against the West and call for an Islamic caliphate from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

The Umayyad Caliphate conquered the Iberian Peninsula eight centuries earlier, and the fall of Granada on that day put an end to the Islamic control of that part of the world, or what is known in as Al Andalus in the Arab world.

In Syria a Sunni majority country where, incidentally, a Sunni Muslim caliphate, the Umayyads, once prospered Iran is spending billions of dollars to prop up President Bashar al Assad s regime, dominated by members of a minority Shia sect, the Alawites (historically known as Nusayris).

The Warriors of God demands a pure form of Islamic practice throughout the Gaza Strip, including the implementation of Sharia religious law and a rejection of democracy. Indeed, the confrontation at the mosque followed the declaration of an Islamic Caliphate in Gaza, a flagrant rejection of Hamas s authority.

While the Qadiriyyah Sufi orders were dominant in Northern and eastern Niger in the 19th century, as well as those areas under the sway of the Sokoto Caliphate, the first two decades of 20th century saw the rise of the Tijaniya, especially in the west of the country.

On August 6, in a statement issued on a social media account believed to belong to Islamic State, the group claimed that it had captured a strategic dam in the north and vowed to continue its goal of establishing an Islamic caliphate that bridges the borders of Syria and Iraq.