The deficiency of IFRS is that it does not mitigate systemic contagion resulting from asset price movements.

Second, it increases global asset demand, generating asset price inflation.

But it makes the case for novel measures, including guidance ranges for asset prices and targeted variation of margin and capital requirements, to help dampen such excessive price movements.

Keeping interest rates low discouraged capital inflows and encouraged asset price inflation.

Furthermore, establishing accurate asset price levels is essential to a well functioning market.

Indeed, in a volatile speculative market, where people buy and sell in anticipation of further price movements, history confirms that price movements will be hard to explain, even after the fact.

The net result was overheating asset price booms and inflation across the emerging world.

Unfortunately, contemporary economic theory, with its presumption of perfect price discovery in asset markets, has discouraged economists and policymakers from paying any attention to the role of asset price swings in managing systemic risk.

That belief can be traced to prevailing economic theory concerning the causes of asset price instability a theory that accounts for risk and asset price fluctuations as if the future followed mechanically from the past.

First, it contributes to yen depreciation and dollar appreciation as carry traders switch out of yen. Second, it increases global asset demand, generating asset price inflation.

This massive wave of liquidity searching for yield fueled temporary asset price reflation around the world.

But it is inducing massive capital flows to emerging markets, where they are generating asset price bubbles.

Some laws require a market valuation of an asset through sale, whereby the highest price available in the market for the asset is obtained via tender or auction.

The connection between financial risk and asset price swings emerges from the use of a new approach Imperfect Knowledge Economics (IKE) to understanding risk and fluctuations in asset markets.

Silence can be presumed to be tacit acceptance that rapid increases in long term asset price are warranted.

That way, wage income, not debt and asset price inflation, can again provide the engine of demand growth.

Object metaphors describe price movements as non living things, as in, The Dow fell like a brick.

(b) Acquisition security right means a security right in an asset that secures the obligation to pay any unpaid portion of the purchase price of the asset or other obligation incurred to enable the grantor to acquire the asset.

A vicious cycle of asset price correction and weaker growth, together with downside surprises that are not currently priced by markets, could lead to further asset price declines and even weaker growth a dynamic that drove the global economy into recession in the first place.

In effect, the new cycle locks the Fed into an unstable stance whereby it must prevent asset price declines to avert recession, yet must also promote asset bubbles to sustain expansions.

But, in general, an asset is an asset, and you still hear complaints from people who don t understand why the guy next to them in an airplane paid a lower price.

The collapse of the Japanese asset price bubble was a major factor, as it frustrated commercial development in Tokyo generally.

Agent metaphors describe price movements as the deliberate action of a living thing, as in, The NASDAQ climbed higher.

If asset price bubbles develop, balance sheets may look sound individually, but the entire network of interlinked asset liability structures will become increasingly dependent on overvalued collateral, and thus vulnerable to financial contagion.

With household wealth seriously damaged by the housing crash and other asset price declines, pensions and retirement provisions are in disarray.

We do not want to inflate another asset price bubble on the scale of the one that burst in 2007 2008.

The growth slowdown is a much greater concern than the recent asset price volatility, even if the latter grabs more headlines.

The trade of African countries is still dominated by commodities, which are subject to volatile price movements beyond their control.

The eurozone s sovereign risk problems could worsen, leading to another round of asset price corrections, global risk aversion, volatility, and financial contagion.

Other models have large quarterly shocks to the depreciation rate in the capital stock (in order to generate high asset price volatilities)...

And now, like all asset price surges that are divorced from the fundamentals of supply and demand, the gold bubble is deflating.

(b) Establishing limits to the permitted deviation of actual asset allocation from the long term strategy due to relative market movements or active tactical decisions

Until recently, the US asset price bubble first in the stock market, then in real estate masked the underlying depreciation of American enterprises.

There were some who foresaw danger. The Swedish economist Axel Leijonhufvud foresaw asset price inflation houses in particular and a worsening of credit quality.

Unlike the days of yore, when cutting the price of credit could boost borrowing, quantitative easing purportedly works by stimulating asset and credit markets.

In October of that year, the price of gold the consummate faith based speculative asset was on the way up, having just hit 1,300.

To the extent that this shift gains momentum which appears likely it will affect economic performance, the functioning of markets, and asset price valuations.

Prior to the crisis, asset price cycles were seen by many as basically harmless or, at least, as a relatively insignificant monetary policy channel.

But there is a deeper problem that has been overlooked the US economy relies upon asset price inflation and rising indebtedness to fuel growth.

The similarities are large trade deficits, manufacturing job loss, asset price inflation, rising debt to income ratios, and detachment of wages from productivity growth.

My Harvard colleague Kenneth Froot and I once studied the relative price movements of a number of goods over a 700 year period.

Avoiding another asset and credit bubble from arising by including the price of assets like housing in the determination of monetary policy is also important.

Emerging studies on the risk taking and asset price inflation engendered by ultra low policy rates will eventually convince Fed policymakers to change their stance.

This rapprochement is a consequence of the growing recognition that asset price cycles must be taken into account for both macroeconomic management and financial supervision.

It supports the purchase of equities by central banks to reduce asset price volatility, restore the value of wealth, and prevent a future market crash.