It is this point that brings us to US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner s plan to take about 465 billion of government money, combine it with 35 billion of private sector money, and use it to buy up risky financial assets.

The appearance of an extra 500 billion in demand for risky assets will reduce the quantity of risky assets that other private investors will have to hold.

With a trade surplus of 190 billion and the income from its nearly 3 trillion portfolio of foreign assets, China s external surplus stands at 316 billion, or 6.1 of annual GDP.

The US Federal Reserve increased its stock of base money in 2008 by 97 , the European Central Bank by 37 .

In addition, the physical capital loss is estimated to be around 3.5 billion, as a result of destruction of private and public infrastructure and capital stock and overuse of surviving physical capital.

Owners who sell these assets will gain roughly 800 billion relative to the pre merger value of their assets.

It operated in 78 countries, had over 400 branches, and had assets in excess of US 20 billion, making it the 7th largest private bank in the world by assets.

Total aid went up by around 40 billion rather than 50 billion, and aid to Africa rose by 10 15 billion per year rather than 25 billion. The properly measured shortfall is even greater, because the promises that were made in 2005 should be adjusted for inflation.

According to Forbes magazine , he is the second wealthiest person in the world, after Bill Gates, with assets of 42 billion.

Asia is the major beneficiary, receiving 113 billion.

Each year, for example, developing countries miss out on 124 billion in revenue from offshore assets held in tax havens.

The Bank of England had purchased around 165 billion in assets as of September 2009 and around 175 billion in assets by the end of October 2009.

China s retirement system has only about 430 billion of assets under management (national and local government social security and private sector pensions).

This is equivalent to 700 billion, the same magnitude as the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) instituted in late 2008 to keep US financial markets from collapsing.

In 2010, China ran deficits of more than 100 billion in processing trade with East Asia and surpluses of 100 billion with Europe and 150 billion each with the US and Hong Kong.

In addition, Canada's net foreign debt rose by 41 billion to 194 billion in the first quarter of 2010.

Instead of spending 1 billion a year, imagine spending 1.2 billion the first year, but, say, only 750 million in the fifth year.

Japan after 2007 and Abenomics In early October 2010, the Bank of Japan announced that it would examine the purchase of 5 trillion (US 60 billion) in assets.

Worldwide, 184 billion is being allocated in public stimulus investments to promote clean energy, led by the United States ( 67 billion) and China ( 47 billion).

Yet the quarterly US current account deficit actually increased from 195 billion to 205 billion.

Europe s ordinary exports to China increased from 85 billion in 2009 to 115 billion in 2010.

Overall, the new deals between the two countries will bolster economy and are reported to double Saudi investment in Egypt from US 30 billion to US 60 billion.

Qatar has provided 5 billion to Egypt since 2011, with a promise of 3 billion more.

It was very selfish, actually ...

But, just as the 700 billion TARP did not assuage nervousness financial markets in 2008, so the ESM s 500 billion seems to have left investors unimpressed.

Thus, GDP would be higher than otherwise by 120 billion in 2009 and 180 billion in 2010..., and by 60 billion in 2011.

In 2011, SWFs invested 35.2 billion in financial services, 13.4 billion in property, 13.2 billion in fossil fuel resources (mainly oil and gas), 6.5 billion in infrastructure and utilities, and 3.4 billion in aircraft, car, ship, and train manufacturers.

In 2007 alone, the US imported 790 billion of capital, while the emerging and developing countries exported 714 billion.

In 2008, French Polynesia's imports amounted to 2.2 billion US dollars and exports amounted to 0.2 billion US dollars.

Their share of international responsibility was revealed at the recent summit contributions to the IMF of 43 billion by China, 10 billion by Brazil, Russia, and India, and 2 billion by South Africa.

In 2010, China s ordinary trade balance recorded a 71 billion deficit with East Asia and surpluses of 44 billion and 23 billion with the US and Europe, respectively.

Japan s outward FDI rocketed from 7 billion in 1984 to 20 billion in 1986, peaking at 48 billion in 1990.

A multiplier of two would generate 480 billion of extra spending, compared to a multiplier of one, which would generate just the initial 240 billion.

The 4.3 Billion Shrug

The best example is Rosneft, which borrowed about 40 billion in 2013 to buy its competitor, TNK BP. About 10 billion of this debt has to be repaid in the fourth quarter of 2014, including a 7 billion payment on December 21 ( 20 billion more will have to be repaid in 2015).

Foreign investment has grown recently from 1.5 billion (2004) to 2.5 billion (2005).

For less than 1 billion a year, this would alleviate both direct and long term economic damage, possibly securing some 35 billion in benefits.

In the third quarter of this year, China s foreign exchange reserves increased by 194 billion, which far exceeded the country s 66 billion trade surplus and 23 billion in inflows of foreign direct investment.

In addition to reducing debt, Chile used its additional revenues to increase the resources of two fiscal funds when the recession began, there were more than 22 billion in assets in both funds.

In 2007, the US spent 331 billion on oil imports, which was 47 of the US trade deficit of 708 billion dollars.

Of the 283 billion worth of recently distributed SDRs, more than 150 billion went to the 15 largest developed economies.

By contrast, America s ordinary exports to China increased more slowly, from 50 billion in 2009 to 64 billion in 2010.

Indeed, the surplus in developing Asia, Japan, and the Middle East soared from less than 200 billion in 2001 to more than 1 trillion in 2008, while the deficit of the US and the European Union rose from 425 billion to more than 900 billion.

Recreational fishing in California generates 2.9 billion in sales, 5 billion in personal income and 5.7 billion in value added to the economy.

The US trade deficit has declined from 60 billion a month to just 26 billion, according to the most recent data.