And the European Central Bank would have fewer excuses to refuse Greek bonds as collateral.

Although not convinced he should put away his paintbrushes and spray cans, Wisetwo went to college and got a degree in international relations just as a back up plan, he says.

Insecure title affects decisions to invest and inhibits the use of land as collateral or the issuing of loans or mortgages.

A year ago, it vowed to stop accepting BBB rated government securities as collateral for its monetary operations.

Moreover, the goods that are easiest to buy are those that are easy to post as collateral houses and cars, rather than perishables.

ABC also maintains a bank account with Lender A and has granted Lender A a security right in the bank account as additional security for the repayment of the loan.

If the bonds were acceptable as collateral before the restructuring, surely they were safer after the restructuring, and thus equally acceptable.

If the constitution is to operate as the guarantee of democracy, freedom, and security, poor Iraqis must learn to make that fight their own.

Non agricultural activities include manufacturing, trade, services and transport etc. Within the non agriculture sector, the major portion i.e. two thirds (64.6 ) of the employed persons was engaged in informal sector. The unemployed rate has shown an increase from 7.8 in 1999 2000 to 8.3 in 2001 2002.

The collateral limits the lenders downside risk, and the fear of losing the pledged assets encourages borrowers to act prudently.

Legal problems could also be overcome in the short term by designing Eurobonds to include credit guarantees, repayment priorities, and the use of specific tax streams as collateral.

Each increment gets a serial number and a certificate, and then the brewers and others buy those certificates as a way to return water to these degraded ecosystems.

Scandalously, they still have to surrender 50 of their foreign exchange reserves to the French Treasury as a guarantee of the CFA franc s limited convertibility and free transfer to France.

Several countries recognize the need to provide an investment climate that is conducive to attracting funds, and some report on innovative approaches to financing sustainable forest management, including that of securing access to funds from the voluntary sector.

LONDON Every economic collapse brings a demand for debt forgiveness. The incomes needed to repay loans have evaporated, and assets posted as collateral have lost value.

Whatever their other benefits, the low rates we see around the world now hardly amount to insurance against future drops in asset prices.

That fact causes troubles for women when they need the land use right certificate as collateral for loans in case of land use right division at divorce or at marriage or in case of inheritance following the death of the husband.

Willem Buiter of the University of Amsterdam and Anne Sibert of the University of London believe that it is the ECB s willingness to, in effect, accept all euro zone debt as collateral that has undermined the market s willingness to be an enforcer of fiscal prudence.

Assigning titles to property can improve land values and access to credit (since land and capital can be used as collateral to obtain bank loans), especially for small enterprises and the informal sector.

Villagers were unable to secure enough food to go on living, because they were deprived by the commune system of their traditional means of being able to rent, sell, or use their land as collateral for loans.

According to Article 232 of the RA Criminal Procedural Code the arrest (freezing) of financial funds (or any other property) is carried out in order to ensure the civil suit on the criminal case, possible confiscation of the assets and the judicial expenses.

Indeed, the most curious aspect of the ECB s position was its threat not to accept restructured government bonds as collateral if the ratings agencies decided that the restructuring should be classified as a credit event.

As long as the marginal piece of German debt is used as collateral for a short term loan or as the centerpiece of a repurchase agreement to gain liquidity, its value is much more likely to be determined by the terms on which the ECB accepts it as collateral than by its fundamentals.

Moreover, the goods that are easiest to buy are those that are easy to post as collateral houses and cars, rather than perishables. And rising house prices in some regions make it easier to borrow even more to spend on other daily needs such as diapers and baby food.

One sure way of doing so is to use financial leverage, typically by selling land or using land as collateral to borrow large sums of money from often obliging state owned banks, to finance massive infrastructure projects, as Bo did in Chongqing.