In China and India, wind alone outpaced nuclear.

Women stand out in a number of fields, including handicrafts, singing, theatre and dance.

as early as 1965, China had a huge advantage in life expectancy.

Germany had surpassed Britain in industrial production by 1900.

While emerging economies have out performed developed countries, both have slowed.

Admittedly, they faced criticism when the United States, Germany, and other countries overtook Britain in the late nineteenth century.

Historically, the university has excelled in the study of education, but in the last few decades it has also gained respect in the sciences.

Having outperformed the rest of Asia for more than a century, the Japanese have decided to slow down.

Defense cuts are also happening at a time when Europe, for the first time in modern history, has been overtaken by Asia in terms of total defense spending.

In some instances, Manichaeism even surpassed the Church of the East in its reach, as it was for a time also widespread in the Roman Empire.

Private capital flows have come to play the dominant role in development finance, eclipsing both official bilateral and multilateral flows.

By 2008, Country A has surpassed Country B with 700 per capita GDP as compared with 650 per capita GDP.

Don t be surprised if Brazil leaves Turkey in the dust, South Africa eventually surpasses Russia, and India outdoes China.

When it was finally ready to run its first real application in 1976, it was outperformed by existing commercial supercomputers such as the Cray 1.

At the same time, geographically diversified institutions outperformed even during the recent global crisis, because they were less vulnerable to downturns in individual regions.

In 2010 Spain became the solar power world leader when it overtook the United States with a massive power station plant called La Florida, near Alvarado, Badajoz.

Mexico has long considered itself the leader of Latin America, but Chile, Colombia, and the rising regional giant, Brazil, are increasingly leaving it behind.

In the initial aftermath of the financial crisis, it was widely assumed that currency flexibility gave the United Kingdom an advantage over eurozone members like Spain.

The US surpassed the UK in terms of industrial production as early as the end of the nineteenth century, but that was not enough to tip the balance.

If the US is eclipsed any time soon, this will more likely be due to its loss of social cohesion and its dysfunctional politics.

Last year, Brazil overtook the United Kingdom often seen as an exemplar of contractual security as the world s sixth largest economy.

The Dutch Golden Age ( ) was a period in Dutch history, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, military, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world.

The country topped the US in auto production in 2009, and remains second only to South Korea in shipbuilding, with 36 of global capacity.

Indeed, for a couple of years now, Mexico s GDP growth rates have been near the top of the OECD, and recently above Brazil s.

China is a long way from posing the kind of challenge to American preponderance that the Kaiser s Germany posed when it surpassed Britain at the beginning of the twentieth century.

The project is often credited for leading to the boom in manufacturing of photovoltaic panels in China, which has dethroned Germany and the United States to become the world s largest producer.

There is a new dimension to the alliance, however, and to the relationship with China. This year, China surpassed the US as the world s largest emitter of greenhouse gases.

It turns out even during the Cultural Revolution, China out perfomed India in terms of GDP growth by an average of about 2.2 percent every year in terms of per capita GDP.

The official registration of ten parties, including opposition groups, surpassed any previous election, and the OSCE admitted that voters had a real choice.

And Mexico, the worst performing of the five economies over the last 15 years, has outdone itself this year, growth is expected to reach barely 1 , if that.

Indeed, Subramanian s most provocative argument is that China has already surpassed the US in terms of economic dominance but we have not yet woken up to this new reality.

This achievement also earned the singer the honor of being the fastest women to accumulate the top ten tally (with eight years and four months since her first single), besting Madonna by three months.

Despite the fact that China surpassed the US to become Japan s largest trading partner last year, the top leaders of the two countries have not visited each other s capitals since 2001.

Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world.

The US bears disproportionate responsibility for inaction on climate change, because it was long the world s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, until last year, when China overtook it.

It has surpassed the United States as the world s largest source of greenhouse gases, and it became developing nations diplomatic champion at the recent United Nations climate negotiations in Bali.

A recent Pew poll found that in 15 of 22 countries surveyed, most people believe that China either will replace or has replaced America as the world s leading superpower.

Yet these challenges are nothing compared to the momentous tasks of institutional transformation that await authoritarian countries. Don t be surprised if Brazil leaves Turkey in the dust, South Africa eventually surpasses Russia, and India outdoes China.

In 2003 developing countries overtook developed countries in terms of absolute numbers of cellular subscribers, making mobile phones the only ICT indicator where developing countries have higher shares than developed countries (see Table 4).

China soon surpassed the US in other important measures. Each year, Chinese universities award more PhD s in science and engineering than US institutions do and more than twice as many undergraduate degrees in these fields.

Germany had surpassed Britain in industrial production by 1900. Even at its current high rates of growth, China s economy is unlikely to equal that of the US for at least two more decades.

Ten years after the common currency s introduction, the 16 member euro zone has the world s second most important currency, accounting for more than a quarter of all central banks foreign exchange reserves and having overtaken the dollar as the currency of choice for international bond issues.

If the US is eclipsed any time soon, this will more likely be due to its loss of social cohesion and its dysfunctional politics. China might well step in to fill that vacuum, but that is quite different from being able to elbow America aside.