Organizations need both, but leaders are more important.

A clear distinction should be made between remuneration mechanisms for executive directors and non executive directors.

The organizational skills required for leaders as managers should not be confused with the efficiency or tidiness of a well run organization.

Heavy borrowing also encourages owners and managers to go for broke, because it s the creditors who bear most of the downside risk.

Members of the board and managers should disclose any material interests in transactions or other matters affecting the company.

For Legislators, senior officials and managers, women work one hour more than men at 42 hours compared to 41 hours for men.

UNFPA and IPPF also published guidelines for programme planners, managers and service providers to build capacity in the health system.

The Narayan Murty Committee Report in India, for instance, makes a clear distinction between non executive and independent directors.

Its strength resides in its people, its culture, and the goodwill it has built up among its customers and suppliers. So, as workers and middle managers have been departing these companies, they have taken with them not only much critical information, but often also the hearts and souls of their enterprises, with profound effects on American competitiveness.

Of course, no company can do that, but many US companies have been shedding workers and middle managers in great numbers the figures for January 2008 were up 19 from a year earlier.

Although analytical reports on various aspects of the use of external expertise should be prepared on a quarterly basis for distribution to the Director General, Managing Directors and the Comptroller General, I noted that the most recent reports had been prepared bi annually only.

Moreover, because maximizing shareholder value is a poor incentive for workers and middle managers, companies boards have increasingly centralized power around chief executives, thereby encouraging a heroic form of leadership that is detached from the rest of the enterprise.