The NPT regime has greatly contributed to the international security environment.

That bargain is exemplified in the obligations of non proliferation, which are at the very heart of the Treaty.

The treaty was part of a system of peace treaties which put an end to the anti Habsburg uprising of Stephen Bocskay (1604 1606).

However, the recent past has been a showcase for grave shortcomings in the treaty system.

IAEA safeguard measures would provide a good basis for the consideration of a future verification system for an FMCT.

The Conference reaffirms the importance of continued development of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty verification regime, including the international monitoring system, which will be required to provide assurance of compliance with the Treaty.

3. Notes that the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty agreed that legally binding security assurances by the five nuclear weapon States to the non nuclear weapon States parties to the Treaty strengthen the nuclear non proliferation regime

3. Notes that the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty agreed that legally binding security assurances by the five nuclear weapon States to the non nuclear weapon States parties to the Treaty strengthen the nuclear non proliferation regime

Recent developments in the field of nuclear non proliferation emphasize the need to strengthen the NPT regime in order to maintain the authority and integrity of the Treaty.

The Treaty should be improved and, despite the challenges it was currently facing, should remain the cornerstone of the disarmament and non proliferation regime.

Let me just focus on two of the most contradictory discussions, the scope of the treaty and the necessity or the possibility of a verification regime.

Accountability is a key element of the Treaty regime, which can be made stronger and more transparent through adherence by all States parties to the strengthened safeguards system pursuant to article III of the Treaty, in order to provide assurances of compliance with article II.

It was important for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which had withdrawn from the Treaty, to return to the non proliferation regime and resume safeguards activities.

Poland has always underlined the importance of the process of strengthening the IAEA safeguards system, considering the additional protocols to be integral parts of the IAEA safeguards system for the treaty and mandatory for State parties to the Treaty.

These challenges pose a significant test for the Treaty, and need to be met firmly by upholding the Treaty's integrity and reinforcing the authority of the safeguards system of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The NPT regime must be strengthened through universal accession to the Treaty and full compliance with its articles IV and VI.

The more confidence States had in the collective security system, the more prepared they would be to rely on non proliferation rather than on deterrence and the closer they would be to universal accession to the Treaty.

The CTBT requires a fully functioning verification regime by entry into force, to provide assurance that all States are complying with their Treaty obligations.

Notes that the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty agreed that legally binding security assurances by the five nuclear weapon States to the non nuclear weapon States parties to the Treaty strengthen the nuclear non proliferation regime

It notes that the integrity of the Treaty depends upon full respect by States parties for their obligations under the Treaty and deriving from the Treaty.

Banking supervision was not included among the ECB s objectives, though one article of the treaty gives the system of European central banks as a whole the task of contributing to effective supervision.

The new threats to the non proliferation regime, including nuclear black markets , can and must be neutralized today precisely on the basis of the Treaty.

Chile considers that CTBT is of great importance for arms control and non proliferation, and the International Monitoring System is essential for the implementation of the Treaty.

4. Urges the States parties to the Treaty to follow up on the implementation of the nuclear disarmament obligations under the Treaty agreed to at the 1995 and 2000 Review Conferences of the Parties to the Treaty within the framework of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty and its preparatory committee

To that end, all States parties to the Treaty should uphold the integrity of the Treaty and contribute to the success of the Review Conference.

He called on the States parties to react in order to defend the Treaty, which was the foundation for international security, by making the additional protocol a mandatory verification standard at the 2005 Review Conference, with a view to creating a reinforced system to ensure that the obligations arising out of the Treaty were truly respected.

Cuba has an effective, predictable and reliable system for the national implementation of the international obligations incumbent upon it as a State party to the Treaty and as a member of IAEA.

Given the serious challenges currently faced by the NPT regime, it was urgent for States parties to maintain and strengthen the authority and credibility of the Treaty.

Furthermore, we believe that exploiting the important additional scientific knowledge offered by the verification system will encourage States to access these further benefits by signing and ratifying the Treaty.

Concerning the role of custom and general principles it was noted that in addition to the situations mentioned in paragraph 31 above, custom and general principles may be relevant also where the treaty regime collapses.

1. A treaty shall be interpreted in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning to be given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose.

1. A treaty shall be interpreted in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning to be given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose.

4. Urges the States parties to the Treaty to follow up on the implementation of the nuclear disarmament obligations under the Treaty agreed to at the 1995 and 2000 Review Conferences of the Parties to the Treaty within the framework of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty and its Preparatory Committee

Urges the States Parties to the Treaty to follow up on the implementation of the nuclear disarmament obligations under the Treaty and agreed to at the 1995 Review and Extension Conference and the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty within the framework of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty and its preparatory committees

Withdrawal from the Treaty

(b) Any subsequent practice in the application of the treaty which establishes the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation

(b) Any subsequent practice in the application of the treaty which establishes the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation

In order to determine the object and purpose of the treaty, the treaty as a whole must be interpreted in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning to be given to the terms of the treaty in their context.

In more modern times it is the character of the treaty, or of the particular provision in a treaty, which is regarded as the important element in determining the effect which an outbreak of war will have upon it.

Given the interrelationship of the Treaty provisions, we would favour reports covering implementation of all aspects of the Treaty.

The treaty was created to extend the multilateral trading system to service sector, in the same way the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provides such a system for merchandise trade.

(g) Japan has encouraged countries that have not yet ratified the Treaty to do so by, for example, providing technical assistance in the field of earthquake monitoring technology for the establishment of the International Monitoring System.

The Treaty must be made universal.

Japan and Australia believe that States parties should redouble their efforts to reach a common understanding on measures to be taken for further strengthening the Treaty regime at the coming Review Conference.

The current intense international concern about weapons of mass destruction proliferation, including potentially to non State groups, has added to the importance of the nuclear non proliferation regime based on the Treaty.