Serum levels PSA is normally present in the blood at very low levels.

They are a collection of immunoglobulin molecules that react against a specific antigen, each identifying a different epitope.

2) Escape loss variants (cancer vaccines that target just one tumor antigen are likely to be less effective.

This is a type II immune response in which the drug binds to macromolecules on the surface of the RBCs and acts as an antigen.

Immunoprecipitation (IP) is the technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein.

Evidence increasingly points to an infectious etiology, but debate continues on whether the cause is a conventional antigenic substance or a superantigen.

Even in the absence of antigen stimulation, a human is capable of producing more than 1 trillion different antibody molecules.

However, prostate cancer can also be present in the complete absence of an elevated PSA level, in which case the test result would be a false negative.

A very small proportion (less than 0.01 ) of the total lymphocytes are able to bind to a particular antigen, which suggests that only a few cells will respond to each antigen.

Men with prostate cancer whose PSA level increased by more than 2.0 ng per milliliter during the year before the diagnosis of prostate cancer have a higher risk of death from prostate cancer despite undergoing radical prostatectomy.