This is due to a decrease in the emission of CFCs and, particularly, to a stabilization of HCFC emissions between 2002 and 2015.

Hydrochlorofluorocarbon, chillers and destruction technologies

He also noted that emissions came from a variety of sources, including direct emissions, but a significant global warming contribution from these sources came from leakage or deterioration from banked material, i.e. substances contained in existing systems, stockpiles, and newly installed equipment.

The 1998 Declaration on HCFCs, HFCs and PFCs could also usefully be revisited.

However, it was expected that HFC 134a production would continue to increase in developed countries, while at the same time non HFC alternatives would increasingly be introduced.

In conclusion, he called for Parties to the Montreal Protocol to instruct the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund to cease funding new HCFC and HFC projects, and to review those for which funding had been agreed but had not yet been implemented, to introduce a second round of funding for phase out of HCFCs and HFCs, to accelerate phase out of HCFCs and, in collaboration with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, to place a global cap on production of HFCs.

ii. The Committee agreed to note with appreciation Party A's progress in implementing its plan of action to phase out CFCs and its continued efforts to comply with the Protocol's control measures for CFCs.

HFC emissions could reach as much as 20 25 per cent of CO2 emissions over the period 2015 2100. However, many major corporations had already announced actions, such as the replacement of HFC using vending machines or freezers, which demonstrated that more positive action was possible.

Nevertheless, the increased trend toward the use of hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide and low global warming potential fluorocarbons had been noted in various applications, as had been the increasing trend to use secondary loop systems to reduce refrigerant charge and emissions.

Article 4 of the Montreal Protocol with respect to hydrochlorofluorocarbons)

The special report notes further that the major contribution to both ozone layer protection and climate protection in this area will come from the completion of the transition from CFC to HFC based MDIs.

Mr. Kuijpers then quantified the potential emissions benefits of a mitigation scenario in relation to a business as usual scenario, which included a reduction of CFC emissions by 30 per cent in 2015 and a reduction of HCFC emissions by 50 per cent in 2015.

This could have the side effect of reducing the price of HCFC 22 and therefore potentially increasing its production and consumption and retarding its phase out.

The current year, 2005, will see Parties undertake commitments to further controls on CFCs, halons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform and methyl bromide.

Annex X HCFCs (Annex C) production and consumption baseline data for non Article 5 Parties

Due to these activities, illegal imports of CFCs have been detected and seized in several cases.

Ms Solomon then reviewed an evaluation of the mobile air conditioning sector, which showed the growth of use of HFC 134a and the need to consider end of life management issues for both CFCs and HFCs.

In the 1970s, emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in industrial applications were linked to destruction of the ozone layer.

i. The Committee therefore agreed To note with appreciation Party A's progress in implementing its plan of action to phase out CFCs and its continued compliance with the Protocol's CFC control measures.

This represents a deviation from the Party's obligation under the Protocol to reduce its consumption to no greater than a level equivalent to a 20 per cent reduction in its baseline level of zero.

The training focused mainly on CFC refrigerants, while other ozone depleting substances were dealt with only in general terms.

Other representatives drew attention to the fact that funding was available under the clean development mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol for projects involving HFC 23, which is produced in HCFC 22 production as a by product.

The reporting of CTC had been variable and would be addressed to the extent possible and he agreed that the issue of HCFCs could be re examined at such time as the Executive Committee took a decision on that matter.

It was also suggested that it was important to coordinate the work of the Montreal Protocol with the work of the Kyoto Protocol, especially with regard to the question of HCFCs.

Obligations of Parties to the Beijing Amendment under Article 4 of the Montreal Protocol with respect to hydrochlorofluorocarbons (agenda item 7)

He noted that the CO2 equivalents in this sector were still dominated by the high global warming potential of CFC 12 emissions, and that end of life measures could be taken to help reduce those emissions.

The report showed that up to 60 per cent of current emissions from HFC uses could be avoided through strategies such as containment, proper servicing and training of personnel, illustrating the value of responsible use of HFCs.

This is built by composites. It's a single element which rotates around to create a holistic element, and this is a carbon fiber handrail which is only supported in two places.

Essential use nominations for 2006 and 2007 of chlorofluorocarbons for metered dose inhalers approved by the Parties at the Seventeenth Meeting (metric tonnes)

Essential use nominations for 2006 and 2007 of chlorofluorocarbons for metered dose inhalers approved by the seventeenth Meeting of the Parties (metric tonnes)

With regard to HFCs and PFCs, he noted that while there was no published data to enable accurate projection of future production capacities, it was expected that the production capacity for HFCs would meet demand, and that it would grow over time, particularly in developing countries.

Azerbaijan has responded to decision XVI 21, reporting its Annex A group I substances (CFC) consumption for 2004 of 69.9 ODP tonnes.

He suggested that the Parties might wish to consider how further HCFC production controls and conversions might impact emissions.

We could therefore achieve huge reductions in CO2 emissions by converting to small, lightweight, battery powered vehicles running on highly efficient electric motors and charged by a low carbon energy source such as solar power.

In terms of trends regarding key gases, data from several sources had suggested that CFC levels were stable or decreasing and currently amounted to 1.5 1.9 GT of carbon dioxide equivalents, HCFC levels were increasing by 1 3 per cent per year and currently amounted to 0.53 0.56 GT of CO2 equivalents, and HFC levels were increasing by 13 17 per cent per year and currently amounted to 0.36 GT of CO2 equivalents.

Guyana reported consumption of 6.300 ODP tonnes of Annex B, group I, (other CFCs) in 2004.

To authorize the following levels of production and consumption necessary to satisfy essential uses of chlorofluorocarbons for metered dose inhalers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

With In regard to the CFC import ban, the Party expressed regret for the delay, delaystating, advising that the process of consideration and consultation with concerned organizsations was still under way and that working groups had been established to consider the matter.

On the other hand, HCFC emissions are expected to increase by almost a factor of two, since HCFC controls apply to developed but not to developing countries in the period up to 2015.

At their sSixteenth Meeting, the Parties to the Protocol reviewed and approved the requestsCFC metered dose inhaler, of certain countries for essential uses of exemptions for CFCs for metered dose inhalers nominationsfor 2006.

It also noted that the sum requested for 2006 included 181 tonnes of CFCs for production of salbutamol MDIs for export to the United States of America and other non Article 5 Parties, and that the request seemed to conflict with the European Community's action plan, which stated that from 2006, the European Community would not be requesting an essential use exemption for exports to Parties not operating under Article 5, paragraph 1.

He noted that the TEAP recommendation for 2006 had not taken into consideration the full amount of CFCs being used in the production process, which included losses in the production process.

Specifically, he noted that tThe Asia and Pacific region accounted for 80 per cent of the problem of illegal trade, and there weare only 150 or so legal importers and 19 legal CFC production plants.

The bulk of this reduction will occur in the commercial refrigeration sector and the stationary air conditioning sector it will occur less in the mobile air conditioning sector, where mainly reductions in HFC emissions will take place.

In contrast to phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds are not very effective in the presence of organic compounds.