The World s Biggest Shock Absorber

China is thus far more vulnerable to external shocks.

They are also the most vulnerable to the shocks of the financial crisis.

Studies of trauma exposure and mental health in asylum seekers in Norway

Of course, to some degree, a capitalist system will always be vulnerable to shocks and crises. The question is how to respond to them to minimize the fallout, while bolstering the system s resilience.

This makes economies significantly less vulnerable to external shocks.

That Committee rightly considered lack of economic diversification as an indicator of the exposure to shocks and recognized that small countries tended to be more vulnerable to external shocks than large ones (E 2005 33, paras. 26 and 27).

Small, open economies are naturally somewhat specialized, which leaves them vulnerable to shocks and volatility.

But the decreased flexibility in response to economic shocks will certainly test it.

Globalization has increased the vulnerability of the developing and transition economies to adverse external shocks.

This balance sheet configuration has helped China to respond to shocks and sustain high levels of public sector investment.

Moreover, investments in bonds issued by their home governments require no buffer, regardless of the rating.

However, these three sectors functioned as the economy's shock absorber and managed to provide employment at the time of crisis.

Many countries therefore view the development of local currency bond markets to be an important policy priority that reduces vulnerability to external shocks.

But that also means that it will need a more robust mechanism for countercyclical responses to shocks.

But in a shock prone world, it is a fragile system, because it precludes anything but modest countercyclical policy.

Officially, renationalization is anathema. But it has its benefits.

Moreover, the franc zone countries that are small and produce no oil prefer to pool their reserves in order to reduce their vulnerability to external shocks.

Given that these policies enabled these countries to respond well to shocks coming from the crisis epicenter, there are strong incentives to keep them in place.

Remittances from workers are a major, stable source of capital inflows for many developing countries, but they are nevertheless subject to shocks.

The author received letters from her son which described the treatment he suffered, which included being beaten and subjected to electric shocks.

A better long term solution is a central EU fiscal capacity that accumulates the resources to respond to shocks during periods of growth.

Governance systems and constitutional structures differ in the extent to which they require broad consensus for official action, or to change policy direction in response to shocks or shifting conditions.

A fundamental shock bigger than the one in 1929 1930 hit a financial system that was much more vulnerable to shocks than was the case back then.

The EHS consisted of 55 main questions designed to obtain from the respondents data on, inter alia, exposure to harmful agents, histories of traumatic experience, and health status of family members.

In the presence of political instability and the resulting institutional underdevelopment, economies have not captured the core element of rising productivity and have become more susceptible to ad hoc shocks and fluctuations.

The fourth claim unit is for medical treatment costs and economic losses due to an increase in the number of cases of post traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and panic disorder as a result of Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait.

Intrinsic vulnerability made for heightened exposure to political shocks, and disputes about a Central European customs union and about war reparations was enough to topple a house of cards.

In addition, countries periodically need to be able to mount and sustain public sector investment in technology, or to engage in risk sharing, in order to adapt to shifting competitive conditions or respond to shocks.

This promoted inequality, and led to the under regulated financial system s seizure of power over the entire economy, destabilizing the real economy by fatally weakening its capacity to react to external shocks.

Finally, enhanced regional and global financial cooperation including closer policy coordination at the G 20 and International Monetary Fund would help countries to respond more effectively to shocks and crises.

The second claim unit is for medical treatment costs and other losses to persons suffering from post traumatic stress disorder as a result of exposure to hostilities and various acts of violence by Iraqi forces during the invasion and occupation.

Furthermore, economic policy changes and structural reforms that were enacted in the wake of the 1997 1998 Asian financial crisis significantly reduced the region s vulnerability to financial shocks over the past decade.

But China s established role as the assembly hub for the region s production sharing networks means that it is becoming a source of autonomous shocks with a large and persistent impact on business cycle fluctuations.

A better long term solution is a central EU fiscal capacity that accumulates the resources to respond to shocks during periods of growth. One could think of it as a stabilization tax that becomes negative in downturns.

Stressing the need to address adequately the vulnerabilities faced by developing countries, as a result of external shocks, particularly natural disasters, which can damage the social and economic infrastructure and have long term consequences, especially hampering the achievement of their sustainable development,

The breakdown of cross border bank lending thus represented a powerful negative shock for them. But, with current account surpluses, renationalization of banking, by limiting the international transmission of financial shocks, can be a stabilizing force.

The US may be less vulnerable in the long run if it imports less energy, but oil is a fungible commodity, and the US economy will remain sensitive to shocks from sudden changes in world prices.

The International Monetary Fund s Mission Report of March 2009, pointing to the country s 30 years of chronic political tumult, concluded that Lebanon will remain vulnerable to shocks for many years to come.

The argument for investing in disaster preparedness is simple. If countries expect to experience natural hazards, such as violent storm seasons or major earthquakes, then investing time and resources in preparing for shocks will save lives and protect communities from other losses.

The public also favors psycho social approaches, such as talking to someone and getting advice, or help finding friends or a job, rather than drugs, electro shocks, or admission to psychiatric hospital.

Strong capital inflows, especially of foreign direct investment, and terms of trade recovery since 2009 have made the region less vulnerable to external shocks that is, to recurrence of the abrupt capital flow reversal that occurred in late 2008 and early 2009.

The State should ensure that its domestic laws, to the extent possible, provide that a victim who has suffered violence or trauma should benefit from special consideration and care to avoid his or her re traumatization in the course of legal and administrative procedures designed to provide justice and reparation.

The State should ensure that its domestic laws, to the extent possible, provide that a victim who has suffered violence or trauma should benefit from special consideration and care to avoid his or her re traumatization in the course of legal and administrative procedures designed to provide justice and reparation.

The State should ensure that its domestic laws, to the extent possible, provide that a victim who has suffered violence or trauma should benefit from special consideration and care to avoid his or her re traumatization in the course of legal and administrative procedures designed to provide justice and reparation.