But the legacy is a more efficient stock of capital equipment.

Also driving China s high investment rate is the declining efficiency of investment capital, reflected in China s high incremental capital output ratio (annual investment divided by annual output growth).

The country s investment rate now stands at more than 50 a clear reflection of China s low capital efficiency.

Creating a fairer and more efficient tax system, by eliminating the special treatment of capital gains and dividends, is also needed.

Thirty years ago, this was the most efficient and practical strategic choice for China, owing to its lack of capital and advanced technology.

Venture capitalists would argue, correctly, that companies such as Google and eBay make life more efficient and convenient for everyone.

However, barring any major economic bumps, the changes will have a positive impact, as capital allocation becomes more efficient.

Initial capital

Interest rate liberalization together with other financial reforms would help to improve the efficiency of capital allocation and to optimize the economic structure.

As above, firm value is enhanced when, and if, the return on capital exceeds the cost of capital.

The Art of Capital Flight

Damming Capital

The Capital Flow Conundrum

Capital flows and remittances

E. Financial capital and resilience

The portion of capital inflows that is not re exported represents net capital inflows.

This trend is exacerbated by the declining efficiency of financial resources in the state sector, a product of the soft budget constraint implied by easily accessible, cheap capital.

The Siren Song of Capital Controls

Investment and private flows

(o) Working Capital Fund

Brazil has been aggressive in terms of capital restrictions, twice increasing its tax on financial inflows.

व श व क प ज क र ख फ र ट यर क ओर

Jacqueline Novogratz on patient capitalism

The reason lies in capital movements.

Finally, there is the path of public capital.

Surviving the Great Capital Flood

Raising capital is expensive.

The Temptation of China s Capital Account

List of tables

Before World War II, venture capital investments (originally known as development capital ) were primarily the domain of wealthy individuals and families.

This is why equity capital held by financial institutions typically is more than twice as expensive as debt capital and why these institutions try to minimize its use.

Moreover, Li has called upon the banking sector to reinvigorate idle capital and allocate incremental capital more effectively.

Europe s Chimerical Capital Markets Union

Bank Regulation s Capital Mistake

Overexpenditure of small capitalization fees

Encouraging private capital flows and remittances

Advances from the Working Capital Fund

Political capital means the capital that will improve or enhance the NGOs status, possession or access in the existing political system.

By focusing on the areas in which their modernization agendas overlap from education to public health to environmental protection they can identify ways to increase their human capital s efficiency.

Private capital, which accounts for more than 90 of capital flows to developing economies, will remain the dominant source of long term financing.

South African firms have used their relatively lower cost of capital to invest in other African countries where capital markets were not developed.

Talent versus Capital in the Twenty First Century

What's the capital structure up until this point?

Common Sense on Capital Controls

The United States is emphasizing higher capital requirements.