(The bottoms of the bottles are removed, before this step.)

So the valves at the bottom of those tubes there are like radio controlled airplane valves.

The grab they described was used to extract objects from underwater, and recover objects from the beds of streams.

The bottoms of trough valleys and karst fields lie at elevations of , and ridges and peaks rise to .

Trawl nets can also be modified, such as changing mesh size, to help with marine research of ocean bottoms.

It is equipped with side scan sonar and a digital camera to obtain topographical data on the deep sea floor.

The pelagic and benthic environments are high in biodiversity,5 suggesting a greater number of species exist in the sea than on land.

This initiative aims to propose a baseline reference of the environment and the structure of megafaunal assemblages and develop recommendations for the management of the impacts of deep seabed mining.

Following diverse observations at over 150 locations, oil was observed at three sites, all of which were channel bottoms where tarballs were accumulating.

To address these concerns, some groups of scientists, such as those at InterRidge, have been working on codes of conduct.

Nodule mining is also likely to involve discharge of nutrient rich deep ocean water, sea floor sediments and nodule fragments into the surface and or deep layers of the water column.

These consultations are aimed at resolving outstanding issues relating to the deep seabed mining provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in order to achieve universal participation in the Convention.

In addition, in many areas the hazards of natural origin interact with those of technological and human origin, such as inadequate waste disposal in riverbeds, industrial waste and mine tailings.

For a study on the relationship between those conventions with regard to the conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources on the deep seabed, see UNEP CBD SBSTTA 8 INF 3 Rev.1.

We reiterate our concern at the insufficiency of scientific information on the destructive environmental impact of deep sea fishing practices, in particular bottom trawling.

In 2004, it launched a project on biodiversity and distribution of megafaunal assemblages in the abyssal nodule province of the eastern equatorial Pacific management of the impacts of deep seabed mining.

Not only do these places these ancient, pristine places have lots of fish, but they also have other important components of the ecosystem like the giant clams pavements of giant clams in the lagoons, up to 20, 25 per square meter.

In addition, we want to emphasize that, in accordance with resolution 59 25, consideration of substantive questions associated with the impact of deep sea bottom trawling on vulnerable marine ecosystems shall not be resumed until next fall.

Different views have been expressed on whether, in accordance with UNCLOS, deep seabed genetic resources beyond national jurisdiction fall under the regime for the Area or under the regime for the high seas.

The core of the difficulties had been how to accommodate the views of the industrialized countries and developing States with regard to the provisions of part XI, the limitations imposed upon a ratifying State and the recognition that in practice the deep sea bed mining provisions of the Convention could not be fully applied.

Industries and activities such as fisheries, shipping, and seabed mining are all regulated separately. No governance framework is in place for emerging high seas industries such as energy production.

Rob Dunbar hunts for data on our climate from 12,000 years ago, finding clues inside ancient seabeds and corals and inside ice sheets. His work is vital in setting baselines for fixing our current climate and in tracking the rise of deadly ocean acidification.

Analyses of selected deep sea floor systems have led some scientists to predict that the whole deep sea floor beyond areas of national jurisdiction could perhaps harbour several million species (see also A 59 62 Add.1, paras.

In Orissa, gemstones are found on or near the surface of the ground, as well as in riverbeds, making it easy for local people to dig shallow pits in many gem bearing areas and to pan the river sands for stones such as garnets, rubies and even diamonds.

The Conference of the Parties also invited States to identify activities and processes under their jurisdiction or control that might have significant adverse impacts on deep seabed ecosystems and species beyond the limits of national jurisdiction in order to address article 3 of the Convention on Biological Diversity.