Some of methods are based on light scattering.

In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation (CV) is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution.

For several decades after the usurpation of their homeland, Palestinians were reduced to aggregates of refugees, some remaining in the newly created state of Israel as second class citizens, with others scattered over the Arab World and far beyond.

Small angle X ray scattering (SAXS) is a small angle scattering (SAS) technique where the elastic scattering of X rays (wavelength 0.1 ... 0.2 nm) by a sample which has inhomogeneities in the nm range, is recorded at very low angles (typically 0.1 10 ).

9. Expresses concern about the effect of scattering the units of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in a number of different physical locations on its operational effectiveness, and requests the Secretary General to investigate and report on ways and means of achieving co location of such units