Contingent convertible bonds, or cocos, have been proposed as a solution to this problem.

Argentina Conditional approval of telecommunications merger

Mexico pioneered the idea of Conditional Cash Transfers (the OPORTUNIDADES program originally PROGRESA which was launched in 1998). CCT programs have subsequently been emulated by many countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.

Peace came about only with the total and unconditional defeat of the Tamil Tiger rebels.

17. Conditional cash transfers to increase the number of children receiving education

Mexico pioneered the idea of Conditional Cash Transfers (the OPORTUNIDADES program originally PROGRESA which was launched in 1998).

Argentina Conditional approval of telecommunications merger . 15

Conditional cash transfers are another option for Latin American policy makers to consider.

Hats off, first, to Mexico for pioneering the idea of conditional cash transfers to poor households.

CCT programs have subsequently been emulated by many countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.

Countries like China became enmeshed in a web of multilateral organizations and subjugated to conditional engagement strategies.

However, conditional cash transfer programs have been quite successful in improving various human development indicators.

Adding cocos to government bonds will require solving a host of technical problems.

A second option is Conditional Cash Transfer Programs, which provide cash payments to poor households whose children attend school regularly.

However, overcoming these challenges also requires the active support of civil society and the support and unconditional backing of international cooperation partners.

In fact, the success of banks in issuing cocos suggests that investors do have the appetite for them.

There would be worries that adding cocos to sovereign bonds might raise governments borrowing costs.

Italian bond rates had already been falling before ECB President Mario Draghi announced the conditional bond buying plans.

Russia s leaders (and China s) seek to uphold an international system that relies on the unconditional sovereignty of states and rejects the Western inspired, humanitarian droit d ingérence.

Moreover, removing rigid protections without offering alternative, contingent safety nets and judicial redress is a recipe for conflict.

Credible figures, such as Richard Fisher (Dallas Fed president), Tom Hoenig (FDIC), and Jeremiah Norton (FDIC) speak publically about the continuing problems posed by too big to fail.

Countries are subject to varying degrees of fiscal constraint, assuming (especially in the case of Europe) a limited appetite for unlimited, unconditional cross border transfers.

The troika has proved functional, and Europe would have been at pains to provide conditional assistance to eurozone countries without the IMF s participation and support.

In this context, the unconditional return of Dokdo to Korea and Korea s continued sovereignty over Dokdo is indisputable.

But when developing countries pointed their fingers at secret bank accounts and hedge funds, IMF and US enthusiasm for greater transparency diminished.

(3) When deciding on the conditional punishment, the court can set the perpetrator with a condition that he or she consistently fulfills his or her responsibilities of caring, raising, and financially supporting a child.

When a bank s capital falls below a pre specified limit, its cocos automatically convert from debt to equity at a fraction of their previous price.

MILAN Last summer, after two years of growing uncertainty, systemic risk in the eurozone finally began to wane, as conditional commitments came together.

UNHCR indicated that as of 2005 (i.e., for audit certificates covering 2004 expenditures), statistics on qualified and negative opinions would be centrally available.

It demanded the unconditional return of all Israeli occupied Arab territories and stressed the illegality of all Israeli settlements in the Arab territories occupied since 1967.

Sovereign cocos have the advantage that their activation would not constitute a credit event triggering the credit default swaps written on the bonds. The existence of large quantities of CDS, together with uncertainty about who has written them, has fed the reluctance to proceed with restructuring.

But unconditional aid only delays reforms, because it weakens budget constraints, which reduces pressure on policymakers and creates moral hazard.

A financial package conditioned on political agreements may seem ambitious. But there are many precedents, including the post conflict packages agreed for Sudan, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.

The WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), permits generic subsidies (available to all industries) and prohibits export subsidies and subsidies contingent on the use of domestic merchandise that are granted to specific sectors.

Several countries now facilitate access to secondary schooling, in particular through conditional cash transfer programs, which offer a stipend to poor families whose children regularly attend school.

He also called for the unconditional return of all Arab territories occupied by Israel and reaffirmed that all Israeli settlements established in the occupied Arab territories since 1967 were illegal.

A plan to reduce poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean should go far beyond conditional cash transfers and early childhood interventions in nutrition and education.

In Europe, by contrast, there is almost no aggregate shield and almost no automatic support for member states in trouble better off states simply extend a conditional helping hand to prevent default.

An abstract structure in mathematics is a formal object that is defined by a set of laws, properties, and relationships in a way that is logically if not always historically independent of the structure of contingent experiences, for example, those involving physical objects.

To be sure, there is always the possibility that Greece s increasingly dire situation will finally catalyze the creation of a democratically legitimate pan European bailout fund that provides automatic and unconditional relief to struggling countries.

We also demand the unconditional return of all Arab territories occupied by Israel, and we reaffirm the illegal character of all Israeli settlements in Arab territories occupied since 1967, including the occupied Syrian Golan.

The Sixth Congress ignored questions of human rights. Neither freedom of the press nor access to information was on the agenda, and the opposition will continue to be ignored, its only options being conditional freedom or exile.

If such a contingent capital structure had been in place before the crisis, troubled banks would have been recapitalized by the contingent debt holders while avoiding the complications and legal posturing inevitable in formal bankruptcy.

An unconditional child grant scheme in South Africa with mothers as recipients even demonstrated the impact in centimeters, because the height for age index among children improved in relation to control groups.

There is a simple Keynesian recipe First, shift spending away from unproductive uses such as wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, or unconditional bank bailouts that do not revive lending toward high return investments.