In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (no data is available for Republika Srpska about workers on lay off by periods of time), the number of workers on lay off kept decreasing, from 87,781 in 1997 to 31,752 in 2001.

All available information speaks to the fact that the most affected would be workers on lay off.

UNMIL had continued to make payments of the second tranche of the transitional safety allowance to demobilized combatants.

Laid off construction workers tightened their belts, as did homeowners.

1. with the credit of the World Bank for the training of demobilized soldiers, war invalids, and family members of killed soldiers,

According to UNICEF, 81 per cent of demobilized children have been reintegrated into their biological families.

The service industries that have absorbed the labor released from manufacturing are a mixed bag.

large amounts of compensation for workers on lay off (such compensations were required also for some other categories of workers). Similarly, significant rights were vested with workers on lay off in Republika Srpska, under its Labour Law from 1998 (art. 64).

Failure to reintegrate demobilized and disarmed combatants and to provide them with an alternative livelihood is one of the most frequent causes of resumed conflict.

But there aren t enough safe, secure, and sound enterprises to absorb all the workers laid off from risky enterprises.

With more than 95 per cent of all demobilized children reunified, follow up is ongoing.

These newly laid off workers are joining more than six million new college graduates looking for work.

On 25 November, the Transitional Government approved a fortnightly payment of 200,000 for demobilized armed forces personnel.

Article 147 of the Federal Labour Law required

We must make sure that critical stabilization activities, such as the reintegration and rehabilitation of demobilized combatants, are adequately financed and carefully implemented.

A key concern is whether the growth of the legal economy will be sufficiently robust to attract demobilized soldiers into the legitimate labour market.

49. Calls upon the United Nations system and the international community to cooperate with States in the development of projects to build capacity and to educate and train demobilized children in order to reintegrate them into society

In the second phase, at the war s end, aid remains mainly humanitarian relief, but now directed towards displaced people returning home, and to decommissioned soldiers.

On 24 October, a crowd of demobilized irregular armed forces personnel demonstrated outside the Ministry of Defence, protesting non payment of their full demobilization benefits.

The legislation also imposed a deadline to abolish policy based bankruptcy the practice adopted by the State Council to liquidate loss making state owned enterprises (SOEs) and resettle laid off employees.

The system protects not only the unemployed, who can continue to pay their mortgages and interest, but also indirectly the banks, because their loans to households are repaid even in times of recession. And, instead of solving all sorts of economically caused private problems, laid off workers can concentrate on finding new and more future oriented jobs.

In America, the post World War II G.I. Bill financed higher education for demobilized soldiers, and was a highly beneficial public investment in human capital.

First, constraints in the disarmament and community reintegration programme create a pool of disgruntled demobilized soldiers who are potential candidates for remobilization outside FARDC.

When such aid is made available quickly, former soldiers will return to their farms, and can establish a livelihood by the beginning of the first growing season following the end of hostilities.

These are connected to World Bank projects (programmes for retraining demobilized soldiers, and support for economic strengthening of returnee families) and are focused on training and financial support for development of farming and craftsmanship services.

The second point I wanted to mention concerns the process of disarmament and reintegration of demobilized soldiers, the traditional DDR programmes that we find regularly in Security Council resolutions.

7. Welcomes the assistance provided by the Government of Angola and the international community to the quartering areas, and reiterates the importance of continuing to assist the demobilized population and their families, many of whom continue to require life saving assistance

But he risks angering laid off workers and empowering inefficient crony capitalists, while moving too slowly to satisfy the desires of those who voted (and took to the streets to protest) against him.

Many of these projects put an emphasis on those jobs related to the construction industry, with the aim of helping the unemployed and, especially, demobilized soldiers to get employment in these areas, having in mind that the industrial reconstruction is the main source of employment.

The new legislation seems to have really helped decrease the number of workers on lay off, as a decreasing trend was intensified over the last two years (for example, a 20 per cent decrease was realized by June 2001).

Unlike a normal cyclical recession, in which demand falls across the board and recovery requires merely rehiring laid off workers to resume their old jobs, economic recovery following a lending bust typically requires workers to move across industries and to new locations.

When compared to indicators in the period before the war, mental health problems increased as a direct result of war, especially in vulnerable groups such as refugees, displaced persons, children, the elderly, youth and demobilized soldiers.

Through the establishment of the Inter agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children in February 2004, the campaign against the forced recruitment of refugee children and the initiatives taken to help demobilized children return to their families should yield better results.

During the bubble years, the situation was exactly the opposite most of the workers released by a rapidly shrinking manufacturing sector could be employed easily in construction and social services, which require only low skills (likewise, real estate services demand only rather general skills).

Of the estimated 91,220 combatants recently demobilized in Liberia, 11,780 (12 per cent) were child soldiers, and 11,673 of them (99 per cent), have been reunited with their families, including 2,378 girls about 30 of those demobilized child combatants have been repatriated from Liberia.