So this is alkaline earth.

And we'll start especially with the alkali metals.

Your alkali earth metals are bonded with hydroxide.

With phosphate.

Now, alkaline substances are crucial to soap making.

Four phosphate groups.

Adenosine triphosphate.

This column, right here, this is called the alkaline earth metals.

And so now you're left with ADP and then an extra phosphate group right here.

They call it glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate.

The ATP gets its phosphate popped off of it.

And then you have your phosphate group.

The other necessary substrate, from which the phosphate is derived, is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) when the phosphate is removed.

Before we had triphosphate, which means three phosphates.

Now we have diphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, so instead of a tri here we just write a di.

And so the ATP has been hydrolyzed, or you have broken off one of these phosphate groups.

This is the second phosphate group.

And this is a third phosphate group.

So this is the ADP.

Darling, this is Basil Stafford. You've probably drunk his quinine water.

PAOs are by no means the only bacteria that can accumulate polyphosphate within their cells and in fact, the production of polyphosphate is a widespread ability among bacteria.

If you have ADP and you want ATP, you need to use energy.

The phosphate groups are coming from those ATPs.

The phosphate group's actually attached to the oxygen.

The GTP is just guanosine triphosphate.

Tri meaning three phosphate groups.

Then one of these phosphate groups will break off.

It's just a store of energy when you ATP has energy.

We already established that these alkali metals like to give away electrons.

Energy plus a phosphate group plus some ADP, you can go back to ATP.

Essentially part of this water joins to this phosphate group, and then part of it joins to this phosphate group right there.

And then you maybe need two phosphate groups.

Because we're going to need four phosphate groups.

We only needed a net of two phosphate groups.

ATP, which stands for adenosine triphosphate.

And this is called adenosine diphosphate or ADP.

When you break a phosphate off, it generates energy.

That's just the basic principle of ATP.

So that's the phosphate group that breaks off.

We thought since like a phosphate ion was thought to have curbed the growth in the virulence of the salmonella bacteria

It mentions a key ingredient and it's a substance that became crucial to modern chemistry an alkali.

Phosphate to neutralize, calcium gets excreted through the urine.

Which means you have two phosphate groups.

You have the ADP that's left over.

Phosphate binders are also used to control the serum phosphate levels, which are usually elevated in advanced chronic kidney disease.