Recommended award for claim No. 5000460 Claim No. 5000468 Coastal mudflats Claim 5000468 is for compensation in the amount of USD 267,710,202 for expenses of future measures to remediate damage to Kuwait's coastal mudflats resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation and for future monitoring activities.

Recommended award for claim No. 5000183 90

Kuwait also states that the impact of oil contamination on the remaining areas of mudflats is uncertain and that the mudflats are a fragile but critically important biological area.

Parties also suggested the need for measures to combat mud torrents, forest fires, pests and diseases.

In order to determine the oil contamination remaining in the mudflats, Kuwait conducted a comprehensive shoreline survey.

That has put a tremendous strain on our roads, which has been exacerbated by high rainfall, flooding and landslides.

This claim is the deferred portion of claim No. 5000259 relating to remediation of coastal mudflats.

For example, two of the three moves of the capital of Guatemala have been due to volcanic mudflows in 1541 and earthquakes in 1773.

The Panel notes that the mudflats are characterized by low levels of oil contamination, and the evidence provided is not sufficient to demonstrate that the contamination is causing environmental damage.

After the major forest fire of July 1995, three years later in the area of Drafi, mudslides blocked roads as a rock clogged off a residential road a series of mudslides also occurred several years later and devastated some homes, continuing in part to this day.

Sumerian clay tablets from more than 5,000 years ago portray arched houses built from reeds the same way they are still built today.

Due to the firing process and natural clays used, it is normal for the product to vary in size and shape, and 5mm is normal.

The Panel also finds that insufficient evidence has been provided by Kuwait to justify further monitoring activity in any areas of the mudflats.

The Panel also considers future remediation of Kuwait's mudflats area under claim No 5000468 at paragraphs 476 490 of this report.

Kuwait provided several reports, satellite images and witness accounts of oil spillage in and around the mudflats area as a result of Iraq's invasion and occupation.

The Panel, therefore, finds that Kuwait has not provided sufficient evidence to show that there is remaining damage in the mudflats attributable to Iraq's invasion and occupation.

She also had to be capable of resting on mud flats out of the water as the tidal variance in ports at the northern end of Western Australia was as great as .

She sat on mud floors and sandy village commons to hear from these communities about their issues and priorities, and she took on controversial and culturally sensitive subjects, such as female genital mutilation and bride burning.

Kuwait also conducted a rapid shoreline assessment ( RSA ) to determine the diversity of biota ( species richness ) in different parts of the mudflats, and conducted chemical analysis of samples taken from the RSA sample areas.

Thus, our understanding of ancient Egyptian architecture is based mainly on religious monuments, massive structures characterized by thick, sloping walls with few openings, possibly echoing a method of construction used to obtain stability in mud walls.

In light of the results of the monitoring and assessment studies that were funded by awards in the first F4 instalment for claims Nos. 5000378, 5000397 and 5000398, Kuwait substantially reduced the claimed cost for remediating its mudflats.

Further, the evidence provided is insufficient to enable the Panel to determine the proportion of the oil contamination remaining in the coastal mudflats that is attributable to Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait, or to assess the importance of other factors, such as natural variability, that may affect the diversity of biota in the area.

Today, the world is beginning to show many signs of weariness, with the increasing incidence of natural disasters including the tsunami in the Indian Ocean, Hurricanes Ivan, Emily and Katrina, the mudslide in Guatemala and the earthquakes in Pakistan and India and the consequent tragic losses of lives.

Forty eight hours after the first Germans clambered atop the Wall, I stood through a freezing night with several thousand West Berliners in the muddy no man s land that was Potsdamer Platz at the old heart of pre war Berlin.

By Procedural Order No. 6 of the fourth F4 instalment dated 30 April 2004, the Panel deferred the portion of claim No. 5000259 of Kuwait relating to remediation of coastal mudflats to the fifth F4 instalment.