Amount in Amount in

Local currency government debt markets have performed fairly well during the crisis, while local currency corporate debt markets have played a more modest role as a vehicle for longer term finance.

State No. rency Amount paid year local currency

This isn't 10,000, it's the local currency.

Approximate US dollar equivalent of local currency pledge.

Instruments to counteract the pro cyclical performance of private capital flows by encouraging counter cyclical flows included commodity and GDP linked bonds and, especially, local currency financing.

The pension amount payable each quarter had been the higher of the local currency pension or the local currency equivalent of the United States dollar track amount, as adjusted.

The Board was informed that such Ethiopian consultants are now paid in local currency.

Of the 12 beneficiaries on the two track system, 11 were currently paid the local currency track amounts.

Local currency bond markets could help to develop domestic investor bases and mobilize domestic savings to support long term investments.

A daily allowance for incidental expenses is paid to all military personnel at a rate of 1.28 per person per day, payable in local currency.

(in national currency)

All organizations whose expenditures, like those of the secretariat, are predominantly incurred in local currency experience problems arising from exchange rate fluctuations.

The summary of significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of these statements is included as notes to the financial statements.

a For comparative purposes, the table is denoted in United States dollars although government local office cost contributions are a local currency obligation.

A daily allowance for incidental personal expenses is paid in local currency to all military personnel, equivalent to 1.28 per person per day.

As the contingent account, the forward currency contracts expressed in local currencies as at 31 December 1993 were as follows.

For beneficiaries residing outside the United States, it ensures that their dollar entitlements translate into adequate amounts in local currency.

The Non Problem of Chinese Currency Manipulation

The Currency Manipulation Charade

The Myth of Currency Manipulation

The Chimera of Currency Manipulation

Currency questions 23 27

They also suggested that member States should pay their dues in the local currency of their countries, through UNDP.

Borrowing in domestic currency avoids the risks associated with currency mismatches and pro cyclical foreign capital flows.

35. Table 1 summarizes the evolution of national and per capita NMP and GDP in national currency (leks) and dollars.

No data in local currency were available for 1992 for the Member States previously part of Yugoslavia.

Locally recruited consultants whose work programme is executed exclusively within Ethiopia are now paid in local currency.

How to Fight Currency Manipulation

Let's say they bond here, they bond here, and they bond here.

Some 18 Governments increased their contributions to regular resources in local currency and 14 increased by 7 per cent or more.

This initiative includes a revolving fund to pre finance vaccine procurement and a facility for UNICEF to receive the payment for vaccines in local currency.

Encouraging participation by foreign investors is a quick way to jump start local bond market activity.

Local currency bond markets have expanded rapidly in many Asian and some Latin American economies.

For one thing, it is folly to think that more local currency debt eliminates the possibility of a financial crisis.

The exchange rate explains part, but not all, of the increase, since 13 countries actually increased contributions in local currency.

A daily allowance for incidental personal expenses is paid in local currency to all military personnel, equivalent to 1.28 per person per day.

quot a fair balance between the entitlement to a full United States dollar denominated benefit and the need to safeguard the purchasing power of the benefit in local currency terms quot . 16

But LGIVs obtained a massive amount of financing in 2012 by issuing bonds and trust loans.

These countries households continue to save, accumulating deposits at their local banks and buying bonds from their local wealth managers.

A number of participants emphasized that increased borrowing in the local currency by developing and transition countries, both internally and from foreigners, should be encouraged.

Provision is made for payment of a daily allowance for incidental personnel expenses to 40 medical personnel at a rate of 1.28 per person per day, payable in local currency.

The Battle of the Bonds

A deeper and more efficient financial sector would also reduce transaction costs and facilitate risk management. Local currency bond markets could help to develop domestic investor bases and mobilize domestic savings to support long term investments.

1. Foreign currency costs (in United States dollars)