Most types of submunitions are designed to disperse submunitions over a wide area (some models disperse submunitions over a square kilometre).

(iii) Sub Munitions

(e) Small calibre ammunitions

Identifying high risk munitions

Specific Types of Munitions

Legacy Munitions Awaiting Destruction

Air delivered Cluster Munitions

The reliability testing of existing and stored munitions should be part of any preventive measure designed to reduce the likelihood of munitions, including submunitions, from becoming ERW.

With respect to submunitions, the list identifies that several types of submunitions have different humanitarian risk associated with them.

However, there are some nuances with respect to implementation of the most appropriate preventive measures for munitions, including submunitions.

The designs of which types of munitions, including sub munitions, need to be considered for improvement as possible preventive measures? In this regard, the Meetings had to identify those munitions, including submunitions, which as unexploded ordnance pose the greatest humanitarian hazard.

Artillery Rocket launched Cluster Munitions

The examination of the munitions will include all components and packaging.

6. Welcomes the commitment by States parties to continue to address the humanitarian problems caused by certain specific types of munitions in all their aspects, including cluster munitions, with a view to minimizing the humanitarian impact of these munitions

Ground launched munitions can be divided into a further 2 categories tube artillery launched and rocket launched.

Legal and humanitarian concerns about cluster munitions

Working Group on Explosive Remnants of War

(v) Aerial delivered Bombs Sub munitions,

The United Kingdom therefore considers that the question relates to the use of all explosive munitions, including cluster munitions, during an armed conflict.

(ii) In theatre management of stockpiles to ensure ongoing monitoring of munition quality, particularly when in long term stockpiles and to ensure the introduction of ammunition into theatre is controlled so as to minimize the residual amounts of unused ammunition post conflict

The UK has both air delivered and ground launched cluster munitions, which can serve as examples of how cluster munitions are used.

In particular, multi fuze submunitions seem to pose a much lower humanitarian risk than submunitions with single fuze or mortar rounds.

Such precautions apply to the use of submunitions.

Since all explosive munitions can become ERW, this question relates to all explosive munitions used in armed conflict.

(d) mine detection and unexploded ordnance detection devices

It is clear that CIDA's opinion covers not only measures planned for use but also measures applicable to the design of such munitions submunitions.

Military officials are also troubled by the impact of cluster munitions on civilian populations.

List of relevant categories and types of munitions

Pyrotechnics

(iii) Air launched sub munitions (single fuze)

Recalling the report of the group of experts on the problem of ammunition and explosives,

Taking note of the report of the Group of Experts on the problem of ammunition and explosives,

The main purpose of the paper is to facilitate the future discussion on the issue on possible preventive measures aimed at improving the design of certain specific type of munitions, including submunitions, with a view to minimizing the humanitarian risk of these munitions becoming explosive remnants of war.

The existing IHL principles and rules applicable to the use of explosive munitions

The characteristics of cluster munitions also raise concerns under the rule of proportionality.

Cluster munitions a need to further examine IHL implementation and the adequacy of the law

There may be additional failure modes if the ammunition is electrically initiated.

These things acting singly or in combination can cause damage to munitions that may reduce the reliability of the item and may result in increased levels of duds.

The discussion during the Meetings showed that from an ERW perspective the identification of possible specific types of munitions, including submunitions, is a complex exercise.

It should be noted that fragments of destroyed biological munitions were first inspected, but not recognized as such, by inspectors in 1992, when these had been claimed by Iraq as part of the chemical munitions.

We hope that that instrument will be legally binding and that it will cover illicit ammunition.

He spent the remainder of the war at desk jobs in the Ministry of Munitions and in the Foreign Office.

This paper will focus principally on the way in which cluster munitions are used.

Stringent considerations of the risk of collateral damage are applied each time they are used.

Many delegations have noted that cluster munitions are a particular focus of the Group's work.