India s external debt burden is even more favorable, at only 21.2 of GDP (much of it owed by the private sector), while short term external debt is only 5.2 of GDP.

That process appears to have accelerated in 2004, and total external debt is estimated at some 6.6 billion.

External debt

External public debt

With the current account deficit now exceeding 5 of GDP, US foreign debt is rising fast.

Servicing of external public debt

Fiscal adjustment was also necessary to limit external vulnerability and the increase of external debt in relation to GDP.

Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia owe an average of 150 of their GDP, and servicing the debt swallows billions of dollars annually.

The Government of Jordan continued its efforts to restructure the public debt stock, gradually replacing external by domestic sources with the external debt to GDP ratio declining from 76.4 per cent to 69.7 per cent during 2003 2004.

In 2007, the mortgage and consumer debt to GDP ratio was more than 90 , compared to 24 for net foreign debt.

An even starker example of the crucial difference between foreign and domestic debt is provided by Japan, which has by far the highest debt GDP ratio among OECD countries.

External debt of developing countries and countries in transition

Special communiqué on the swapping of foreign debt for investment in education

Special communiqué on the swapping of external debt for investment in education

1989 Master of Political Science (External debt of Latin America).

By late July 2004, foreign exchange reserves had risen to US 4.6 billion, external debt had been brought down to 68 per cent of GDP and inflation had been contained.

The Territory's foreign debt stood at 50 million, while the domestic debt was estimated at 40 million.5

Closely related to ODA is the issue of external debt.

In Yemen, total external debt has been rising as a result of substantial budget deficits.

China s GDP growth fell dramatically, owing to the collapse of external demand.

Add the open public debt of 67 of GDP to this total, and the result is an overall German debt GDP ratio of about 340 .

Sustainability of public debt has replaced sustainability of private debt as the biggest threat to financial stability, and the focus of debate about the US current account has shifted from the sustainability of foreign debt to the impact of reducing the external deficit on growth and employment.

Finally, the external sector accounts for only about 20 of India s GDP.

(Information on Haiti's external debt is included in annex III to the present report.

We are attentively following the international debate on the concept of the sustainability of external debt.

But all parts of a country s total debt and how it is financed are interconnected.

One important challenge is to reduce external debt with respect to bilateral agencies and to certain countries.

International observers estimated the Syrian Arab Republic's external debt to be 22 billion by end 2004, almost equal to GDP, whereas official sources reported much lower figures.

After varying between 25 and 50 of GDP for the past half century, the recent budget deficits have caused the debt to reach 62 of GDP.

The annual budget deficit is nearly 10 of GDP, higher than any of the eurozone countries. With nominal GDP stagnating, that deficit is causing the debt GDP ratio to rise by 10 annually.

In particular, the issuance and subsequent repayment of external debt can account for large swings in such liabilities.

Chief among these changes has been the adoption, in most countries, of flexible exchange rates and reduction of external debt, particularly government debt.

As a result, America s public debt has reached roughly 140 of GDP.

The debt GDP ratio varies a lot by country.

France s debt GDP ratio is already around 90 even if its 2013 budget deficit does not exceed 3.5 of GDP, its debt GDP ratio will have climbed to 93 by the end of the year.

In particular, they should have paid greater attention to the sustainability of US mortgage and consumer debt. In 2007, the mortgage and consumer debt to GDP ratio was more than 90 , compared to 24 for net foreign debt.

Average external debt on the continent has fallen from 63 of GDP in 2000 to 22.2 this year, while average inflation now stands at 8 , down from 15 in 2000.

The difference between the overall deficit and the primary deficit implies that the interest on the Greek national debt this year will be 4.1 of GDP.

Instead, they focused exclusively on US foreign debt, ignoring household debt (mortgage and consumer debt), public debt, business debt, and financial debt.

As a result, China s external surplus GDP ratio fell significantly in 2009.

Owing to strong GDP growth, the debt to GDP ratio decreased from 100.2 per cent to 95.1 per cent.

Each downward revision implies postponement of the date on which the debt GDP ratio will peak.

Its debt to GDP ratio stood at 113 by the end of 2009.

For Greece, with an overall deficit of 4.1 of GDP and a debt GDP ratio of 170 , the debt ratio would fall if the combination of inflation and real (inflation adjusted) GDP growth exceeded 2.4 .

Given that Greece had a current account deficit close to 10 of GDP in 2010, a drop in imported consumption goods of that magnitude seems to be needed before the country s external debt can be stabilized.